602 References
The effects of widowhood on physical and men-
tal health, health behaviors, and health outcomes:
The women’s health initiative.Health Psychology, 22,
513–522.
Williams, B. R., Sawyer, P., Roseman, J. M., & Allman,
R. M.(2008). Marital status and health: Exploring
pre-widowhood.JournalofPalliativeMedicine,11,
848–856.
Williams, C.(2000). Doing health, doing gender: Teenag-
ers, diabetes and asthma.Social Science & Medicine, 50,
387–396.
Williams, C. L.(1998). The glass escalator: Hidden
advantages for men in the female professions. In
M. S. Kimmel & M. A. Messner (Eds.),Men’s lives
(pp. 285–299). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Williams, D. R.(2003). The health of men: Structured
inequalities and opportunities.American Journal of
Public Health, 93,724–731.
Williams, J.(1999).Unbending gender: Why family and
work conflict and what to do about it. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Williams, K., & Umberson, D.(2004). Marital status,
maritaltransitions,andhealth:Agenderedlifecourse
perspective.JournalofHealthandSocialBehavior,45,
81–98.
Williams, M. J., Paluck, E. L., & Spencer-Rodgers, J.
(2010). The masculinity of money: Automatic stereo-
types predict gender differences in estimated salaries.
Psychology of Women Quarterly, 34,7–20.
Williams, S. L., & Frieze, I. H.(2005). Patterns of violent
relationships, psychological distress, and marital satis-
faction in a national sample of men and women.Sex
Roles, 52,771–784.
Williams, S. P., Gardos, P. S., Ortiz-Torres, B., Tross, S., &
Ehrhardt, A. A.(2001). Urban women’s negotia-
tion strategies for safer sex with their male partners.
Women & Health, 33,133–148.
Williams, W. L.(1993). Persistence and change in the
Berdache tradition among contemporary Lakota Indi-
ans. In L. D. Garnets & D. C. Kimmel (Eds.),Psycho-
logical perspectives on lesbian and gay male experiences
(pp. 339–347). New York: Columbia University Press.
Williamson,B.F.(1985, October 13). Victims of reform.
New York Times. Sunday, Late City Final Edition. Re-
trieved May 21, 2007, from web.lexis-nexis.com/
universe/printdoc
Wilsnack, R. W., Vogeltanz, N. D., Wilsnack, S. C., &
Harris,T.R.(2000). Gender differences in alcohol
consumption and adverse drinking consequences:
Cross-cultural patterns.Addiction, 95(2), 251–265.
Wilson,D.K.,&Ampey-Thornhill,G.(2001). The role of
gender and family support on dietary compliance in an
African American adolescent hypertension prevention
study.Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 23,59–67.
Wheeler, L., Reis, H., & Nezlek, J.(1983). Loneliness,
social interaction, and sex roles.Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 45,943–953.
Whisman, M. A., & Uebelacker, L. A.(2006). Impairment
and distress associated with relationship discord in a
national sample of married or cohabiting adults.Journal
of Family Psychology, 20,369–377.
Whisman, M. A., Weinstock, L. M., & Tolejko, N.(2006).
Marriage and depression. In C. L. Keyes & S. H. Good-
man (Eds.),Women and depression: A handbook for the
social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences (pp. 219–240).
New York: Cambridge University Press.
Whitacre, C. C., Reingold, S. C., O’Looney, P. A., & the
Task Force on Gender, M. S. A. A.(1999). Biomedicine:
A gender gap in autoimmunity.Science, 283,1277–1278.
Whitbeck, L. B., Yu, M., McChargue, D. E., & Craw-
ford, D. M.(2009). Depressive symptoms, gender, and
growth in cigarette smoking among indigenous adoles-
cents.Addictive Behaviors, 34,421–426.
White, J. B., & Athavaley, A.(2010). Do girls speed
more than boys? Survey says girls drive more aggres-
sively; insurers up rates.Wall Street Journal. Retrieved
June 15, 2010, from http://online.wsj.com/article/
SB10001424052748704866204575224110235731780.html
Whitehead, B. D., & Popenoe, D.(2001, June 27). Singles
seek soul mates for marriage.Gallup News Service.
Retrieved June 6, 2011, from http://www.gallup.com/
poll/4552/singles-seek-soul-mates-marriage.aspx.
Whiting, B. B., & Edwards, C. P.(1988).Children of differ-
ent worlds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Whitley, B. E., Jr.(2001). Gender-role variables and
attitudes toward homosexuality.SexRoles,45,691–721.
Whitley, J., B. E., & Egisdottir, S.(2000). The gender be-
lief system, authoritarianism, social dominance orien-
tation, and heterosexuals’ attitudes toward lesbians and
gay men.Sex Roles, (42), 947–967.
Wichers, M., Myin-Germeys, I., Jacobs, N., Peeters, F.,
Kenis, G., & Derom, C.(2007). Genetic risk of depres-
sion and stress-induced negative affect in daily life.
British Journal of Psychiatry, 191,218–223.
Wiener, R. L., & Gutek, B. A.(1999). Advances in sexual
harassment research, theory, and policy.Psychology,
Public Policy and Law, 5(3), 507–518.
Wienke, C., & Hill, G. J.(2009). Does the “marriage bene-
fit” extend to partners in gay and lesbian relationships?
Journal of Family Issues, 30,259–289.
Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. S.(2002). The development of
competence beliefs, expectancies for success, and
achievement values from childhood through adoles-
cence. In A. Wigfield & J. S. Eccles (Eds.),Development
of achievement motivation(pp. 91–120). San Diego,
CA: Academic Press.
Wilcox, S., Aragaki, A., Mouton, C. P., Evenson, K. R.,
Wassertheil-Smoller, S., & Loevinger, B. L.(2003).
