Advices For Studying Organic Chemistry

4.3A NOMENCLATURE OF UNBRANCHED ALKYKL GROUPS

1. Alkyl groups: -ane ⇒ -yl (alkane ⇒ alkyl)

Alkane Alkyl Group Abbreviation

CH 3 —H

Methane becomes

CH 3 —

Methyl Me–

CH 3 CH 2 —H

Ethane becomes

CH 3 CH 2 —

Ethyl Et–

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 —H

Propane becomes

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 —

Propyl Pr–

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —H

Butane becomes

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —

Butyl Bu–

4.3B NOMENCLATURE OF BRANCHED-CHAIN ALKANES

1. Locate the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms; this chain determines the
   parent name for the alkane.

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CHCH 3

CH (^3)
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CHCH 3
CH 2
CH (^3)

2. Number the longest chain beginning with the end of the chain nearer the
   substituent.
   Substiuent
   CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH
   CH 2
   CH 3

7 6 5 4 3

2

1

CH 3

CH^63 CH^52 CH^42 CH^322 CHCH^13

Substiuent CH (^3)

3. Use the numbers obtained by application of rule 2 to designate the location of
   the substituent group.