Advices For Studying Organic Chemistry

Solomons/SoloCh

Li +FF Li+ + −

Li + F•••••• Li+ •••••••• Li••+ F−

electron transfer He configuration Ne configuration ionic bond

F−

4) Ionic substances, because of their strong internal electrostatic forces, are usually

very high melting solids, often having melting points above 1,000 °C.

5) In polar solvents, such as water, the ions are solvated, and such solutions usually

conduct an electric current..

1.4B Covalent Bonds

1. Atoms achieve noble gas configurations by sharing electrons.
   
   
   1. Lewis structures:
      H 2 HH+ H H or HHeach H sha(He cornfiguration)es two electrons
   
   
   
   

Cl 2 Cl + Cl Cl Cl or Cl Cl

or

methane

C

H

HH

H

HC

H

H

H

NNor NN

N (^2)
methyl amime ethanol chloromethane
••
•• lone pair
lone pair lone pair
•• •• HC
H
H
HC
H
H
NC
H
HC
H
H
H
O
H H
H Cl
nonbonding electrons^ ⇒ affect the reactivity of the com pound
carbon (4) nitrogen (3) oxygen (2) hydrogen
••
••
•• ••
••
halogens (1)
C N O H Cl