Advices For Studying Organic Chemistry

changes in bond orders and bond distances that must take place as the reactants

are converted to products.

5. Free energy of activation, ∆G‡:
   
   
   1. The height of the energy barrier between the reactants and products is called
      the free energy of activation.
   
   
   
   


6. Transition state:
   
   
   1. The top of the energy hill corresponds to the transition state.
   
   
   2. The difference in free energy between the reactants and the transition state is the
      free energy of activation, ∆G‡.
   
   
   3. The difference in free energy between the reactants and the products is the free
      energy change for the reaction, ∆G°.
   
   
   
   


7. A free-energy diagram for an endergonic reaction:

Figure 6.2 A free-energy diagram for a hypothetical reaction with a positive
free-energy change.

1. The energy of the reaction goes uphill.


2. ∆G‡ will be larger than ∆G°.