Advices For Studying Organic Chemistry

H 2

Syn addition

HCH 3

/Pt, Ni, or Pd

H

H H

HX (X = Cl, Br, I

or OSO 3 H)

Markovnikov addition

H CH 3

H X

HBr, ROOR

anti-Markovnikov addition

Br CH 3

H H

H 3 O+/H 2 O

Markovnikov addition

H CH 3

H OH

X CH 3

H X

X 2 /H 2 O

Anti addition, follows

X CH 3

H OH

Markovnikov's rule

Hydrogenation

Ionic Addition

of HX

Free Radical

Addition of HBr

Hydration

Halohydrin

Formation

CH 2 I 2 /Zn(Cu) (or

other conditions)

Syn addition

HH

Cold dil. KMnO 4 or

1. OsO 4 , 2. NaHSO 3

HO OH

HCH 3

1. KMnO 4 , OH−, heat
   2. H 3 O+ CH 3

Carbene Addition

Oxidative Cleavage

Ozonlysis

CH 2

OO

CH 3

O

H

CH 3

X 2 (X = Cl, Br)

Anti addition Halogenation

Syn addition Syn Hydroxylation

HO

1. O 3 , 2. Zn/HOAc
   O