Advices For Studying Organic Chemistry

(Wang) #1
1) Compounds in which a hydroxyl group is attached to an unsaturated carbon
atom of a double bond (i.e., C=C–OH) are called enols.

CH 3 OH CH 3 CH 2 OH


CH 3 CHCH 3
OH

CH 3 CCH 3
OH

CH 3

Methanol Ethanol 2-Propanol 2-Methyl-2propanol
(methyl alcohol) (ethyl alcohol) (isopropyl alcohol) (tert-butyl alcohol)
a 1° alcohol a 2°^ alcohol a 3° alcohol


CH 2 OH
CH 2 =CHCH 2 OH H–C≡CCH 2 OH
Benzyl alcohol 2-Propenol 2-Propynol
a benzylic alcohol (allyl alcohol) (propargyl alcohol)
an allylic alcohol


2) Compounds that have a hydroxyl group attached directly to a benzene ring are
called phenols.

OH
H 3 C OH
Ar–OH
Phenol p-Methylphenol (p-Cresol) General formula



  1. Ethers are compounds whose molecules have an oxygen atom bonded to two
    carbon atom.



  1. The hydrocarbon groups may be alkyl, alkenyl, vinyl, alkynyl, or aryl.


CH 3 CH 2 –O–CH 2 CH 3 CH 2 =CHCH 2 –O–CH 3
Diethyl ether Allyl methyl ether


CH 2 =CH–O–CH=CH 2


OCH 3

Divinyl ether Methyl phenyl ether (Anisole)

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