Advices For Studying Organic Chemistry

The oscillating electric and magnetic fields of a beam of ordinary light in one plane.
The waves depicted here occur in all possible planes in ordinary light.

2.16B Theory:

1. Wavenumber (ν):
   ν (cm–1) = λ (cm)^1 ν (Hz) = νc (cm) = c^ (cm/sec)λ (cm)^

cm–1 = (^1 μ) x 10,000 and μ = (^) (cm^1 - (^1) ) x 10,000

* the wavenumbers (ν) are often called "frequencies".

2. THE MODES OF VIBRATION AND BENDING:
   Degrees of freedom:
   Nonlinear molecules: 3N–6
   linear molecules: 3N–5

vibrational degrees of freedom

(fundamental vibrations)

* Fundamental vibrations involve no change in the center of gravity of the molecule.

3. “Bond vibration”:

A stretching vibration