Unit 13:Carboxylic acid derivatives
EXAMPLE:
CH 3 COOH =acetic acidCH 3 COBr =acetyl bromide91.2.3 Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides
A carboxylic acid anhydride ([RC=O]O[O=CR]) is a carboxylic acid (COOH) that has an
acyl group (RC=O) attached to its oxygen instead of a hydrogen. If both acyl groups are
the same, then it is simply the name of the carboxylic acid with the wordacidreplaced
withanhydride. If the acyl groups are different, then they are named in alphabetical order
in the same way, withanhydridereplacingacid.
EXAMPLE:
CH 3 COOH =acetic acidCH 3 CO-O-OCCH 3 =Ethanoic Anhydride91.2.4 Esters
Esters are created when the hydrogen on a carboxylic acid is replaced by an alkyl group.
Esters are known for their pleseant, fruity smell and taste, and they are often found in both
natural and artificial flavors. Esters (RCOOR^1 ) are named asalkyl alkanoates. The alkyl
group directly attached to the oxygen is named first, followed by the acyl group, with-ate
replacing-ylof the acyl group.
EXAMPLE:
CH 3 COOH =acetic acidCH 3 COOCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 =acetyl butanoatecooh 1 cooh 1 2-ethan oic acid <\blochquote>
91.2.5 Amides
Amideswhichhaveanaminogroup(-NH 2 )attachedtoacarbonylgroup(RC=O)arenamed
by replacing the-oic acidor-ic acidof the corresponding carboxylic acid with-amide.
EXAMPLE:
CH 3 COOH =acetic acidCH 3 CONH 2 =acetamide