NOTES TO PAGES 18–19Cultureel Planbureau and the Rathenau Institute (Amsterdam: Boom, 2006). On the general trends
in the integration of young migrants, see Dirk Vlasblom, ‘‘Het beste van twee werelden: Internation-
ale studie wijst uit dat de meeste jonge immigranten voor integratie kiezen,’’ inNRC Handelsblad,
January 8, 2006, which reviews a recent study by John W. Berry, Jean S. Phinney, David L. Sam,
and Paul Vedder, entitledImmigrant Youth in Transition: Acculturation, Identity, and Adaptation
Across National Contexts(Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006). In addition, see the
contested report by the Dutch Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR) entitledDynamiek
is islamitisch activisme: Aanknopingspunten voor democratisering en mensenrechten(The Hague:
WRR, Amsterdam University Press, 2006), and the report by the Netherlands General Intelligence
and Security Service (AIVD) of the Ministry of the Interior,De geweldadige Jihad in Nederland:
Actuele trends in de islamitisch-terroristische dreiging(The Hague: Algemene Inlichtingen- en Veiligh-
eidsdienst, 2006).
- See the front-page article by Howard W. French, ‘‘Mob Rule on China’s Internet: The
Keyboard as Weapon,’’ inThe International Herald Tribune, June 1, 2006. - Patrick Haenni,L’Islam de marche ́: L’Autre Re ́volution conservatrice(Paris: Seuil, 2005), 10.
- Ibid., 8–12. See also Samantha M. Shapiro, ‘‘Ministering to the Upwardly Mobile Mus-
lim,’’The New York Times Magazine, April 30, 2006, on the media empire of Amr Khaled, a former
accountant, whose Web site received 26 million hits in 2005 and is the third most visited Arabic
Web site after al-Jazeera. - See Sonia Kolesnikov-Jessop, ‘‘Islamic Banking Seeks New Customers as Wealth Expands,’’
inInternational Herald Tribune, May 24, 2006. - Haenni,L’Islam de marche ́, 17.
- Ibid., 18.
- Ibid., 18, 19.
- Roy,Globalized Islam, 55, 56. Of course, one might point to a host of semi-official declara-
tions that have now been assembled, translated, and interpreted. See: Bruce Lawrence, ed.,Messages
to the World: The Statements of Osama bin Laden(London: Verso, 2005); and Gilles Kepel and Jean-
Pierre Milelli, eds.,Al-Qaida dans le texte: E ́crits d’Oussama ben Laden, Abdallah Azzam, Ayman al-
Zawahiri et Abou Moussab al-Zarqawi(Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2005). See also Jason
Burke,Al Qaeda: The True Story of Radical Islam(Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books,
2003). These documents demonstrate a considerable heterodoxy and adaptability in discourse and
strategy. In a recent public video statement, broadcast by al-Jazeera on July 27, 2006, Ayman al-
Zawahiri, responding to the crisis in Lebanon, appealed to the ‘‘disinherited of the world’’ and the
‘‘victims of oppressors’’ for solidarity with Muslim jihadists. This was the first time Al Qaeda had
directly appealed to non-Muslims to join its struggle (seeLe Monde, July 29, 2006). This rhetoric
may reveal that the perceived success of Hezbollah, a Shiite organization sponsored by Iran, may
have tripped off mimetic rivalry in the Al Qaeda leadership, who, being Sunnis, consider Shiites to
be heretics. Al Qaeda has always found it easier to assert solidarity with Hamas, a Sunni and Muslim
Brotherhood organization. Conversely, Hezbollah has always disapproved of Al Qaeda’s tactics.
To be aware of such distinctions is important, as Roger Cohen insists in ‘‘Sacrificing a Democ-
racy While Supporting an Ally,’’ inThe International Herald Tribune, July 29–30, 2006: ‘‘ ‘Everyone
understands that a victory for Hezbollah is a victory for world terror,’ said Haim Ramon, the Israeli
justice minister. Not so: A victory for Hezbollah is a victory for Hezbollah.... Trying to turn the
problems of the world into a single undifferentiated issues—the war on Islamic terror—does no-
body any good.’’
An important source for the Muslim Brotherhood is Oliver Carre ́,Mystique et politique: Le
Coran des islamistes (lecture du Coran par Sayyid Qutb, Fre`re musulman radical (1906–1966)(Paris:
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