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NOTES TO PAGES 242–60

16. Levinas, ‘‘Jean Lacroix: Philosophy and Religion,’’ inProper Names, 83–84 and 178–79n.5 /
    123 and 191n.2.


17. Ibid., 84 and 180n.6 / 123 and 191n.3.


18. Ibid., 84 / 123–24.


19. See my ‘‘Zum Begriff der Allegorie in Schopenhauers Religionsphilosophie,’’ inSchopen-
    hauer, Nietzsche und die Kunst,Schopenhauer-Studien 4, ed. W. Schirmacher (Vienna, 1991),
    187–97.


20. Levinas, ‘‘Spinoza’s Background,’’ inBeyond the Verse, 171 / 204.


21. Ibid., 169 / 202.


22. Ibid., 171 / 204.


23. Ibid., 172 / 205.


24. Steven B. Smith,Spinoza’s Book of Life: Freedom and Redemption in the ‘‘Ethics’’(New
    Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), 87–88.


25. Y. Yovel,The Marrano of Reason(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989), 1:134–35.


26. Baruch Spinoza,Theologico-Political Treatise, xxxviii; see alsoEthics, IV; 35–37, 40.


27. Ibid. See also Sylvain Zac, ‘‘The`mes spinozistes dans la philosophie de Bergson,’’ inE ́tudes
    bergsonniennes8 (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1968), 123–58.

Ju ̈rgen Habermas, On the Relations Between the Secular Liberal State and Religion

note:Verlag Herder, Freiburg, first edition, 2005. The essay earlier appeared in English
translation by Matthias Frisch, inThe Frankfurt School on Religion: Key Writings by the Major
Thinkers, ed. Eduardo Mendieta (New York: Routledge, 2005), 339–48.

1. E. W. Bo ̈ckenfo ̈rde, ‘‘The Rise of the State as a Process of Secularisation,’’ in hisState,
   Society and Liberty: Studies in Political Theory and Constitutional Law, trans. J. A. Underwood (New
   York: Berg, 1991), 45.


2. Ju ̈rgen Habermas,The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory, ed. C. Cronin and
   P. de Greiff (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1998).


3. The conceptmateriale Wertethikcomes from Max Scheler. See hisFormalism in Ethics and
   Non-Formal Ethics of Values: A New Attempt Toward the Foundation of an Ethical Personalism, trans.
   Manfred S. Frings and Roger L. Funk (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1973)—Trans.


4. Ju ̈rgen Habermas,Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and
   Democracy, trans. W. Rehg (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996), chap. 3.


5. H. Brunkhorst, ‘‘Der lange Schatten des Staatswillenspositivismus,’’Leviathan31 (2003):
   362–81.


6. Bo ̈ckenfo ̈rde, ‘‘The Rise of the State as a Process of Secularisation,’’ 44.
   7.Theologen des 20. Jahrhunderts, ed. P. Neuner and G. Wenz (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche
   Buchgesellschaft, 2002).


7. K. Eder, ‘‘Europa ̈ische Sa ̈kularisierung—ein Sonderweg in die postsa ̈kulare Gesellschaft?’’
   Berliner Journal fu ̈r Soziologie12 (2002): 331–43.


8. John Rawls,Political Liberalism(New York: Columbia University Press, 1993): 133 ff.


9. See, e.g., W. Singer, ‘‘Keiner kann anders sein, als er ist. Verschaltungen legen uns fest:
   Wir sollten aufho ̈ren, von Freiheit zu reden,’’Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, January 8, 2004, 33.


10. Ju ̈rgen Habermas,Glauben und Wissen(Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2001).

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