Arabic: An Essential Grammar

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1
ْدَق

2
ُلُكْأَي َلا

3
ّ طل

ِ


ُلْف


4
ُبَرْشَي َلاَو

5
نَّ ِلأَ

6
( ٌّ نِس ).s ُهَناَنْسَأ

7
ْتَأَدَب

8

. ُتُبْنَت


(2) qad la ̄ ya



kulu t
̇

-t
̇

iflu wa-la ̄ yasˇrabu li-


anna


asna ̄na-hu bada


at tanbutu.
3
The child (baby)
1
may
2
neither eat
4
nor drink
5
because
6
his teeth
7
have

begun
8
to grow.

1
ُرُعْشَأ

2
يِف ٍمَلَأِب

3
يِتَدِعَم

4
هِلَو

ا
َلا َفْوَس اَذ

5
ُسُرْدَأ

6
َلاَو َمْوَيْل

7
ىَلِإ ُبَهْذَأ

8

. ِةَرَضاَحُمـْل


(3)



asˇ


uru bi-


alamin fı


  • ma



idat-ı


  • wa-li-ha ̄d
    ̄


a ̄ sawfa la ̄


adrusu l-yawma wa-la ̄

ad
̄

habu


ila ̄ l-muh
̇

a ̄d
̇

arati.
1
I feel
2
pain in
3
my stomach
4
and therefore
6
today I will not
5
study nor
7
go to
8
the lecture.

َلا َفْوَس


1
ىَلَع َنوُمَدْنَي

2
يِف ْمِهِلَمَع

3

. ِلَبْقَتْسُمـْل


(4) sawfa la ̄ yandamu ̄na



ala ̄


amali-him fı


  • l-mustaqbali.


They will not
1
regret
2
their action (what they have done) in
3
the future.

1
( ٌبْلَك ).s ُبَلاِكْلَأ

2
ُبَرْشَت ًةَداَع

3
ُبَرْشَت َلاَو اًبيِلَح

4
اًريِصَع

5
اَم اًريِثَكَو

6
ُلُكْأَت َلا

7

. اًبْشُع


(5)



al-kila ̄bu


a ̄datan tasˇrabu h
̇

alı-ban wa-la ̄ tasˇrabu


as
̇

ı-ran wa-kat
̄

ı-ran-ma ̄ la ̄

ta


kulu


usˇban.
1
Dogs
2
normally drink
3
milk but they neither drink
4
juice
6
nor do they
5
often eat
7
grass.

1
ْدَق

2
ه ُثَعْبَأ

ا
اَذ

3
ِريِدُم ىَلِإ َبَل َّ طل

4
ِعَنْصَمـْل

5
.اَّ يِصْخَش

(6) qad



ab


at
̄

u ha ̄d
̄

a ̄ t
̇

-t
̇

alaba


ila ̄ mud-ıri l-mas
̇

na


i sˇah
̆

s
̇

iyyan.

I
1
may
2
send this
3
application to the director of
4
the factory
5
personally.

1
َنْيَأ

2
يِف َنوُبَهْذَتَس

3
ِديِع

4
ِسْأَر

5
ِةَن َّ سل

6
؟ِةَديِدَجـْل

(7)



ayna sa-tad
̄

habu ̄na fı


  • 
    ı

    • di ra





si s-sanati l-g ̆adı


  • dati?
    1
    Where
    2
    will you go (masc. pl.) for
    6
    the New
    5
    Year
    3
    celebration? (lit.
    3
    feast of
    4
    the head/start of
    6
    the New
    5
    Year)


1
َعَم اَنُه ُسِلْجَأَس

2
َلا َفْوَسَو يِتاَقيِدَص

3
ىَلِإ ُبَهْذَأ

4

. ِةَلْفَحـْل


(8) sa-



ag ̆lisu huna ̄ ma


a s
̇

adı


  • qa ̄tı

    • wa-sawfa la ̄





ad
̄

habu


ila ̄ l-h
̇

aflati.
1
I will
1
stay (sit) here with my
2
girlfriends and I will not
3
go to
4
the party.

111

Imperfect
tense in the
indicative,
word order
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