Basic Statistics

X CONTENTS

1 1.1.

1 1.1.

Tables Based on Matched or Paired Samples

Relationship Between Type of Study Design and Type

of Table

1 1.2 Relative Risk and Odds Ratio

1 1.2.1 Relative Risk

11.2.2 Odds Ratios

Chi-square Tests for Frequency Tables: Two-by-Two Tables

11.3.1 Chi-square Test for a Single Sample: Two-by-Two

Tables

Chi-square Test for Two Samples: Two-by-Two Tables

Chi-square Test for Matched Samples: Two-by-Two

Tables

Assumptions for the Chi-square Test

Necessary Sample Size: Two-by-Two Tables

The Continuity Correction: Two-by-Two Tables

Chi-square for Larger Tables: Single Sample

Interpreting a Significant Test

Chi-square Test for Larger Tables; More Than Two

Samples or Outcomes

Necessary Sample Size for Large Tables

11.

11.3.

11.3.

11.3.

11.3.

11.3.

Chi-square Tests for Larger Tables

1 1.4.

1 1.4.

11.4.

11.4.

1 1.

11.5 Remarks

Problems

References

Regression and Correlation

12.

12.2 Linear Regression: Single Sample

The Scatter Diagram: Single Sample

12.2.1 Least-Squares Regression Line

12.2.2 Interpreting the Regression Coefficients

12.2.3 Plotting the Regression Line

12.2.4 The Meaning of the Least-Squares Line

12.2.5 The Variance of the Residuals

12.2.6 Model Underlying Single-Sample Linear Regression

12.2.7 Confidence Intervals in Single-Sample Linear

Regression

Tests of Hypotheses for Regression Line from a Single

Samde

12.2.

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