bei48482_FM

522 Appendix

19.

21. 
    

    (a) 5.0 nm. (b) The ionization energy of the electron is 0.009 eV, which is much
    smaller than the energy gap and not very far from the 0.025-eV value of kTat
    20°C.

    
    


22. 
    

    (a) (^) ceB 2 m*. (b) 0.2 me.(c) 3.4 10 ^7 m.

    
    


23. 
    

    2.4 GHz.

    
    

CHAPTER 11

1. 3 n, 3p; 12n, 10p; 54n, 40p; 108n, 72p.


2. 177 MeV.


3. 7.9 fm.


4. Electron: 5.8 10 ^6 eV; proton: 8.8 10 ^9 eV.


5. (a) 3.5. (b) 51. (c) Because the populations are so close, induced emission will
   nearly equal induced absorption, so there will be very little net absorption of the
   radiation. The higher the temperature of the system, the less the absorption.
   (d) Because this is a two-level system, it could not be used as the basis for a laser.


6. The limited range of the strong nuclear interaction.
   13.^73 Li;^136 C.


7. 8.03 MeV; 8.79 MeV.


8. 20.6 MeV; 5.5 MeV; 2.2 MeV; both calculations give 28.3 MeV.


9. U0.85 MeV and Eb0.76 MeV. Since the two figures are so close, nuclear
   forces must be very nearly independent of charge.


10. Calculated, 347.95 MeV; actual, 342.05 MeV, which is 1.7 percent less.


11. (a) R 3 Ze^2  10  0 (M
    m)c^2 .(b) 3.42 fm.


12. (a) 7.88 MeV; 10.95 MeV; 7.46 MeV. (b) More energy is needed to remove a
    neutron from^82 Kr because of the tendency of neutrons to pair together.
    27.^12753 I is stable;^12752 Te undergoes negative beta decay.


13. Yes. The nucleon kinetic energy that corresponds to the pimplied by x2fm
    is 1.3 MeV, which is consistent with a potential well 35 MeV deep.

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