bei48482_FM

Joule-Thomson effect, 385

Junction diode, 362 – 365

Junction transistor, 367

Junction-transistor amplifier, 367

Kseries, 256

Kaluza, Theodor, 497

keV, 32

Kierkegaard, Søren, 96

Kiloelectronvolt (keV), 32

Kinetic energy, 27, 29

Kinetic-energy operator, 173

Klein, Oskar, 497

Kronig, Ralph, 233

Lseries, 256

Lamb shift, 260

Lanthanide, 236

Large Hadron Collider, 496

Laser, 145 – 151

Lectures on Physics(Feynman), 222

LED, 364

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 479

Length contraction, 15

Lepton number, 485

Leptons, 477 – 481

Lewis, Gilbert, 64

Light

em wave as, 54

gravity and, 34

quantum theory, 63 – 68

speed of, 8

wave theory, 67, 68

Light-emitting diode (LED), 364

Lightlike interval, 48

Light-sensitive detectors, 65

Linear attenuation coefficient, 84

Liquid-drop model, 403 – 408

London, Fritz, 355

Longitudinal doppler effect in light, 12

Long-range order, 336

Lorentz, Hendrik A., 41, 354

Lorentz transformation

equations, 40, 41

Galilean transformation, 37, 38

inverse transformation, 42

simultaneity, 44, 45

velocity addition, 43, 44

LScoupling, 251 – 253

Lyman series, 129, 130

Lyra (ring nebula), 328

M series, 256

Madelung constant, 340

Magic numbers, 408 – 411

Maglev trains, 379

Magnesium, 357, 358

Magnetic levitation, 379, 380

536 Index

Magnetic monopolies, 310

Magnetic quantum number, 205, 206, 210 – 212

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 396

Maiman, Theodore, 147

Many-electron atoms, 228 – 265

atomic spectra, 259 – 263

atomic structures, 238 – 240

Auger effect, 258

electron configurations of elements, 242, 243

electron spin, 229 – 231

exclusion principle, 231 – 233

fermions/bosons, 235

Hund’s rule, 247

LScoupling, 251 – 253

periodic table, 235 – 246

spin-orbit coupling, 247 – 249

symmetric/antisymmetric wave functions,

233 – 235

term symbols, 253, 254

total angular momentum, 249 – 254

transition elements, 246

x-ray spectra, 254 – 258

Marsden, Ernest, 120, 121, 157

Maser, 147

Mass

atomic, 389 – 391, 507 – 515

effective, 334

energy, and, 26 – 30

relativistic, 25

rest, 390

Mass unit (u), 390

Massless particles, 31

Maxwell, James Clerk, 5, 53, 54, 475

Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function, 299,

308, 310

Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution, 304

Mayer, Joseph, 409

MBq, 422

Mean lifetime, 426

Mean lifetime of excited state, 448

Mechanics

classical, 161

quantum. SeeQuantum mechanics

statistical. SeeStatistical mechanics

Megabecquerel (MBq), 422

Megaelectronvolt (MeV), 32

Meissner effect, 378

Meitner, Lise, 450, 452

Mendeleev, Dmitri, 235, 236

Mendelevium, 236

Mercury, 263

Meson theory of nuclear forces, 412 – 416

Mesons, 413, 481

Metallic bond, 348 – 353

Metallic glass, 337

Metallic hydrogen, 348

Metal-oxide-semiconductor FET (MOSFET), 369

Metastable, 146

MeV, 32

Michelson, Albert A., 4

Michelson-Morley experiment, 4

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