Mind, Brain, Body, and Behavior

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 55

47. Livingston, NIMH Annual Report, 1959, 28.


48. Livingston, NIMH Annual Report, 1959. Harris Isbell, of the Lexington Addic­
    tion Research Center, was the first scientist to be sent on this new program.


49. NIMH Laboratory Chiefs, Recommended Tenure Policy–NIMH (Intramural
    Program), 14 February 1961, Assembly of Scientists for NIMH and NINDB
    (I), M1363, AHAP.


50. NIMH Tenure Policy, 14 February 1961.


51. Livingston, NIMH Annual Report 1959, 27.


52. Livingston, NIMH Annual Report, 1959.


53. NIMH Tenure Policy, 14 February 1961.


54. Ibid.


55. Livingston, NIMH Annual Report, 1959, 29-30.


56. Ibid.


57. Buhm Soon Park, “The Development of the Intramural Research Program
    at the National Institutes of Health After World War II,” Perspectives in
    Biology and Medicine, 46, no. 3 (summer 2003): 383-402.


58. Frank B. Berry, “The Story of ‘The Berry Plan,’” Bulletin of the New York
    Academy of Medicine, 52, no. 3 (March-April 1976): 278-82.


59. Ibid.


60. Ibid.


61. Ibid.


62. Melissa K. Klein, “The Legacy of the ‘Yellow Berets’: The Vietnam War, the
    Doctor Draft, and the NIH Associates Training Program,” Office of NIH
    History, 1998, unpublished manuscript.


63. Ibid., 4.


64. No records were kept at the time so no complete list of the program’s Asso­
    ciates exists except for those assembled in a digitized catalogue available
    at the Office of NIH History. The catalogue is based on the (1957-1990)
    index cards that Associates submitted when they applied to the program.
    Prior to 1957, Associates were hand-picked and submitted no proposal.


65. To “add to the preceptor-apprentice relationship complementary means
    for a broad-based education in biomedical research, through the provision
    of course work and seminars extending into fields other than the Associate’s
    primary specialization” (Livingston, NIMH Annual Report, 1959, 29-30).
    In the early 1960s, Staff Associates were added to the program in order to
    train physicians to become research administrators.


66. Klein, “Yellow Berets.”


67. Ibid.


68. Donald Frederickson, oral history interview by Melissa K. Klein, 1998,
    transcript, ONH; J. E. Rall, oral history interview by Melissa K. Klein, 1998,
    transcript, ONH.


69. Joseph L. Goldstein and Michael S. Brown, “The Clinical Investigator:
    Bewitched, Bothered, and Bewildered–But Still Beloved,” Journal of Clinical
    Investigations 99, no. 12 (June 1997): 2803-12.