include: an extra conjunction, object marker, interrogative and locative h, or definite arti-
cle; the exchange of prefixed prepositions; independent prepositions in the cases of l) /
l(; the use of resumptive particles such as )l and Nm in various clauses; differences in
grammatical person, gender or number between the sources; and the exchange of lexemes
that are contextually synonymous – a class of variation noted in almost all of the models
examined above. Given that an exchange of synonyms, by definition, only affects the
meaning of the text on a minor level (or the words would not be synonymous) this type of
variant has been collated with conjunctions or other particles that are also of minor sig-
nificance. Thus all of the variants in this first sub-category are listed as Stylistic Variants
(Type 1), abbreviated to SV(1).
The second type of stylistic variation relates to forms that expand on the meaning of a
parallel manuscript, usually for means of clarification. Such variants include any lexemes
that can be considered as adding to the text without specifically contradicting any content
in a parallel source.^95 This reflects the description of alternative readings that are ‘pluses,’
‘expansionistic’ or ‘additional’ in the models of Clines, Cogan, Polak, George, Tigay and
Tov, or those defined as ‘stylistic reiteration’ by Talmon. These variations do not alter the
overall meaning of the text, but rather act to clarify or extend meaning typically by the
insertion of explicating or expansive pluses. Variants in this sub-category are listed as
Stylistic Variants (Type 2), abbreviated to SV(2).
(^95) This includes readings where additional material of uncertain content exists in one source against other
parallel sources. In this situation, where the nature of the additional material cannot be determined beyond
the knowledge that it is extraneous to the parallel sources, the material is assumed to be expansionary rather
than contradictory, and is counted as SV(2).