They in turn were succeeded by the monastic school of Lanfranc at Bec, who came from Italy,
labored in France, opposed Berengar, his rival, and completed his career in England as archbishop
of Canterbury. He was excelled by his pupil and successor, Anselm, the second Augustin, the father
of Catholic scholasticism. With him began a new and important chapter in the development of
theology.
§ 181. Rodulfus Glaber. Adam of Bremen.
I. Rodulfus Glaber (Cluniacnesis monachus): Opera, in Migne, Tom. CXLII. col. 611–720. The
Historia sui temporis or Historia Francorum is also printed in part, with textual emendations
by G. Waitz, in the Monum. Germ. Script., ed. by Pertz, Tom. VII. 48–72, and the Vita Willelmi
abbatis in Tom. IV. 655–658. Comp. Ceillier: XIII. 143–147. Wattenbach: Deutschlands
Geschichtsquellen. Potthast: Biblioth. Hist. medii aevi, p. 521.
II. Adamus Bremensis: Gesta Hammaburgenais ecclesiae Pontificum, seu Historia ecclesiastica.
Libri IV. Best. ed. by Lappenberg in Pertz, Mon. Germ. Scriptores, Tom. VII. 267–389. German
translation by Laurent, with introduction by Lappenberg, Berlin, 1850 (in "Geschichtschreiber
der deutschen Vorzeit;" XI. Jahrh. B. VII.). In Migne, Tom. CXLVI. col. 433–566 (reprinted
from Pertz).—Comp. Giesebrecht: Wendische Geschichte, III. 316 sqq.; Wattenbach:
Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen (first ed. p. 252 sqq.); Koppmann: Die mittelalterlichen
Geschichtsquellen in Bezug auf Hamburg (1868); Potthast, l.c p. 100; C. Bertheau in Herzog2
I. 140 sqq. Of older notices see Ceillier, XIV. 201–206.
Among the historical writers of the eleventh century, Rodulfus Glaber, and Adam of Bremen
deserve special mention, the one for France, the other for the North of Europe.
Rodulfus Glaber^1519 was a native of Burgundy, sent to a convent in early youth by his uncle,
and expelled for bad conduct; but he reformed and joined the strict Benedictine school of Cluny.
He lived a while in the monastery of St. Benignus, at Dijon, then at Cluny, and died about 1050.
His chief work is a history of his own time, from 1000–1045, in five books. Though written
in barbarous Latin and full of inaccuracies, chronological blunders, and legendary miracles, it is
an interesting and indispensable source of information, and gives vivid pictures of the corrupt
morals of that period.^1520 He wrote also a biography of St. William, abbot of Dijon, who died
1031.^1521
Adam of Bremen, a Saxon by birth, educated (probably) at Magdeburg, teacher and canon
of the chapter at Bremen (1068), composed, between 1072 and 1076, a history of the Bishops of
Hamburg-Bremen.^1522 This is the chief source for the oldest church history of North Germany and
Scandinavia, from 788 to the death of Adalbert, who was archbishop of Bremen from 1045–1072.
(^1519) i.e. Calvus, Kahlkopf, Baldhead. His proper name was Rodulfus or Radulphus. Ceillier (l.c. p. 143): "Rodulphe ou
Raoul, surnommé Glaber parce qu’il était chauve et sans poil."
(^1520) This is the judgment of Waitz (Mon. Germ. VII. 49), and Giesebrecht (II. 567). Wattenbach (Deutschlands
Geschichtsquellen, first ed., 1858, p. 322) calls it "ein Werk voll merkwürdiger Dinge, und mannigfach belehrend, aber ohne
festen Plan und chronologische Ordnung."
(^1521) The Vita S. Guillelmi or Willelmi, in Migne, l.c. col. 701-720.
(^1522) Hamburg was the original seat of the Northern episcopate, and remained so nominally, but owing to the constant
irruptions of the Wends and Normans, it was transferred to Bremen.