http://nativenet.uthsca.archive/nl/9307/0166.html.
Crehan, K., Gramsci, Culture and Anthropology, University of
California Press, Berkeley, 2002.
Davis, S., Victims of the Miracle, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1977.
De Lacy, T, “The Uluru-Kakadu Model – Anangu Tjukurrpa”,
Society and Natural Resources, 7: 479-498, 1994.
Hobart, M., “Introductions: The Growth of Ignorance?”, in M.
Hobart (ed.), An Anthropological Critique of Development:
The Growth of Ignorance, 1-30, Routledge, London, 1993.
Igoe, J., Ethnicity, Civil Society, and Tanzania’s Pastoral NGO
Movement. Doctoral Thesis. Boston University, 2000.
Igoe, J., “National parks and human ecosystems”, in Chatty,
D. and M. Colchester (eds.) Conservation and Mobile
Indigenous Peoples, Berghan Press, 77-96, New York
(NY), 2002.
Igoe, J., Conservation and Globalisation,
Wadworth/Thompson, Belmont (California), 2003.
Igoe, J. and D. Brockington, Pastoral Land Tenure and
Community Conservation, IIED, London, 1999.
Igoe, J. and T. Kelsall, “Introduction: Between a Rock and a
Hard Place”, in J. Igoe and T. Kelsall (eds.), African NGOs,
Donors, and the State: Between a Rock and a Hard Place.
Durham, NC, Carolina Academic Press, in press.
Jacoby, K., Crimes Against Nature, University of California
Press, Berkeley, 2001.
Keller, R. and Turek, M., American Indians and National
Parks, University of Arizona Press, Tuscon, 1998.
Lawrence, D., Kakadu, Melbourne University Press,
Melbourne, 2000.
Leakey, R., “Interview: science, sentiment, and advocacy”,
Yellowstone Science, 10 (3): 8-11, Summer 2003.
Nabokov, P. and L. Loendorf, American Indians and
Yellowstone National Park: A Documentary Overview,
National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park,
Wyoming, 2003.
Neumann, R., Imposing Wilderness, University of California
Press, Berkeley, 1998.
Niezen, R., The Origins of Indigenism, University of California
Press, Berkeley, 2003.
Nugent, S., Big Mouth, Brown Trout Press, San Francisco,
1994.
Policy Matters, no.12: 171-180, 2003.
Roe, D., J. Hutton, J. Elliot, M. Surachera, and K. Chitepo,
“In Pursuit of Pro-Poor Conservation – Changing
Narratives ... or More?”, Policy Matters, 12: 87-91, 2003.
Shivji, I, Not Yet Democracy: reforming land tenure in
Tanzania. IIED, London, 1998.
Spence, M., Disposessing the Wilderness, Oxford University
Press, Oxford, 1999.
Turner, T., “The role of indigenous peoples in the environ-
mental crisis”, Perspective in Biology and Medicine, 36 (3):
526-545, 1993.
URT, Report of the Presidential Commission of Enquiry into
Land Matters, Ministry of Land, Housing, and Urban
Development, Dar es Salaam, 1993.
Wallerstein, E., The Modern World System, vols. 1 & 2.
Academic Press, New York, 1974.
West, P.C. and S.R. Brechin (eds.), Resident Peoples and
National Parks, University of Arizona Press, Tucson
(Arizona), 1991.
Winer, N., “Co-management of protected areas, the oil and
gas industry and indigenous empowerment—the experi-
ence of Bolivia’s Kaa Iya del Gran Chaco, Policy Matters,
no. 12: 181-191, 2003.
Wolf, E., Europe and the People without History, University
of California Press, Berkeley, 1982.
WWF., Indigenous and Traditional Peoples of the World and
Ecoregion Conservation, WWF International – Terralingua,
Gland, Switzerland, 1997.
Zuluaga, G., J.I. Giraldo and M. Gimenez Larrarte, "Un ejem-
plo de conservaci?n bio-cultural-el Parque Nacional Natural
Alto Fragua Indiwasi en Colombia", Policy Matters, no.12:
171-180, 2003.Notes(^1) Crehan, 2002: 72.
(^2) Crehan, 2002; Hobart, 1993; Agrawal, 1995.
(^3) Wallerstein, 1980; Wolf, 1982.
(^4) West and Brechin, 1991; Keller and Turek, 1998;
Neumann, 1998; Spence, 1999; Jacoby, 2001; Igoe,
2003.
(^5) Igoe, 2002; Igoe, 2003.
(^6) Burnham, 2000; Jacoby, 2001.
(^7) Catton, 1997; De Lacy, 1994; Lawrence, 2000;Winer,
2003; Zuluaga et al., 2003.
(^8) Davis, 1977; Nugent,1994.
(^9) Niezen, 2003.
(^10) Igoe, 2003: Chapter 5.
(^11) URT, 1993;Shivji, 1998.
(^12) Igoe, 2002;Neumann, 2003.
(^13) Colchester, 1993;Turner, 1993.
(^14) Keller and Turek, 1998; Spence 1999; Burnham 2000;
Jacoby, 2001.
(^15) Igoe, 2003: 141-142.
(^16) Igoe, 2003:161-167.
(^17) Chapin, 2000.
(^18) According to archival documents, attempts to create a
tribal government for the Oglala Sioux in the 1940s led
to bitter divisions on the reservation. The decision to
accept a tribal government passed by a handful of votes.
A later motion to recall the tribal government was again
defeated by a handful of votes. This split emerged again
in the mid-1970s, when a pro-government faction known
as the Goons fought violently with traditionalists who
had joined the American Indian movement. It was dur-
ing this period that the Oglala Sioux Tribal Government
signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the Park
Service. In the 1990s, traditionalists occupied the tribal
offices. Many of these people are now involved in the
occupation of the South Unit of Badlands National Park.
The two districts closest to Badlands National Park, and
therefore most directly effected by it, are coincidently
the areas that are most anti-government.
(^19) Igoe and Kelsall, in press.
(^20) Chapin, 2000.
(^21) Igoe, 2000; Igoe, 2003.
(^22) The Bureau of Indian Affairs is an agency of the United
States Department of the Interior. It overseas the opera-
tion of tribal governments and has a major role in the
funding they receive.
(^23) Kathleen Pickering, personal communication, 2003.
(^24) Pickering, Ross and Igoe, forthcoming.
(^25) Hobart, 1993.
(^26) Agrawal, 1997.
(^27) WWF, 1997: 29.