Understanding aand mmeasuring bbiocultural ddiversity
7 For reviews, see: Hyndman, 1994; Orlove and Brush,
1996; Wilshusen et al., 2002; Colchester, 2004.
8 Chicchón, 2000; Marsh et al., 2000; Redford and
Sanderson, 2000; Schwartzman et al., 2000a, b;
Terborgh, 2000. For an attempt to mediate between
“preservationist” and “devolutionist” perspectives, see
Romero and Andrade, 2004.
9 Snow, 1993.
10 Denevan, 1992; Dann, 2000; Mann, 2002.
11 Diamond, 1986; Redford, 1990; Krech, 1999. For an
anthropologist’s take on the role of environmentalists in
creating the myth, see Brosius, 1997.
12 Colchester, 2004.
13 Hyndman, 1994.
14 Stevens, 1997; Beltran, 2000; Weber et al., 2000.
15 Conklin and Graham, 1995; Kuper, 2003; Kenrik and
Lewis, 2004.
16 Maffi, 2004.
17 WRI, 2000.
18 Maffi et al., 1999; Skutnabb-Kangas et al., 2003.
19 Harmon, 2002; Rapport et al., 1998.
20 Dora Marks Dauenhauer and Richard Dauenhauer, quot-
ed on p. 68 of Lord, 1996.
21 Quoted from p. xix of Sanders, 1999.
22 Ibid.
23 Dasmann, 1991; Nietschmann, 1992; McNeely, 1997;
Posey, 1999; Maffi, 2001; Harmon, 2002.
24 IUCN et al., 1991.
25 Nabhan and St. Antoine, 1993; Zent, 2001.
26 Harmon, 1996; Harmon and Maffi, 2002; Skutnabb-
Kangas et al., 2003.
27 Oviedo et al., 2000.
28 Stepp et al., 2004.
29 Harmon and Loh, 2004.
30 Stepp et al., 2004
31 Harmon, 1996.
32 Harmon and Loh, 2004.
33 Zent, 2001; Zarger and Stepp, 2004.
34 CEESP, 2004.
35 Nabhan et al., 2002.
36 Carlos Palma Batista, personal communication, 2004.
37 http//www.whitefeatherforest.com.
38 White, 2003.
39 http://vedda.org/bio-diversity_plan.htm.
40 http//www.terralingua.org.
References
Beltran, J. (ed.), Indigenous and Traditional Peoples and
Protected Areas: Principles, Guidelines, and Case Studies,
IUCN and WWF International, Gland, Switzerland, 2000.
Berkes, F., Sacred Ecology: Traditional Ecological Knowledge
and Resource Management Systems, Taylor and Francis,
Philadelphia, 1999.
Berkes, F. and C. Folke (eds.), Linking Social and Ecological
Systems: Management Practices and Social Mechanisms
for Building Resilience, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, UK, 1998.
Brosius, J.P., “Endangered forest, endangered people:
Environmentalist representations of indigenous knowl-
edge”, Human Ecology25 (1): 47-69, 1997.
Carlson, T.J.S. and L. Maffi (eds.), Ethnobotany and
Conservation of Biocultural Diversity, Advances in
Economic Botany Series Vol. 15, New York Botanical
Garden Press, Bronx, NY, 2004.
CEESP, Intersessional Programme for 2005-2008 and
Preliminary Business Plan. Draft for IUCN internal review.
IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 2004.
Chicchón, A., “Conservation theory meets practice”,
Conservation Biology, 14 (5): 1368-1369, 2000.
Colchester, M., “Conservation policy and indigenous peoples”,
Environmental Science and Policy, 7: 145-153, 2004.
Conklin, B. and L. Graham, “The shifting middle ground:
Amazonian Indians and eco-politics”, American
Anthropologist97 (4): 695-710, 1995.
Dann, K., Across the Great Border Fault: The Naturalist Myth
in America, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ
and London, 2000.
Dasmann, R.F., “The importance of cultural and biological
diversity”, in Oldfield, M.L. and J.B. Alcorn, Biodiversity:
Culture, Conservation, and Ecodevelopment, Westview
Press, 7-15, Boulder, Colo., 1991.
Denevan, W.M. “The pristine myth: The landscape of the
Americas in 1492”, Annals of the Association of American
Geographers, 82 (3): 369-385, 1992.
Diamond, J.M., “The environmentalist myth”, Nature344: 19-
20, 1986.
Diamond, J., “Why did human history unfold differently in
the last 13,000 years?”, The Haskins Lectureship on
Science Policy, Rand, Santa Monica, Calif., 2001.
DiSilvestro, R.L., Reclaiming the Last Wild Places: A New
Agenda for Biodiversity, Wiley, New York, 1993.
Harmon, D., “Losing species, losing languages: Connections
between biological and linguistic diversity”, Southwest
Journal of Linguistics, 15: 89-108, 1996.
Harmon, D., In Light of Our Differences: How Diversity in
Nature and Culture Makes Us Human, Smithsonian
Institution Press, Washington, DC, 2002.
Harmon, D. and J. Loh, “The IBCD: A measure of the world’s
biocultural diversity”, Policy Matters13, 2004. (forthcom-
ing).
Harmon, D. and L. Maffi, “Are Linguistic and Biological
Diversity Linked?”, Conservation Biology in Practice, 3 (1):
26-27, 2002.
Heckenberger, M., A. Kuikuro, U.T. Kuikuro, J.C. Russell, M.
Schmidt, C. Fausto, and B. Franchetto, “Amazonia 1492:
Pristine Forest or Cultural Parkland?”, Science, 301: 1710-
1714, 2003.
Hyndman, D., “Conservation through self-determination:
Promoting the interdependence of cultural and biological
diversity”, Human Organisation, 53 (3): 296-302, 1994.
IUCN, UNEP, and WWF, Caring for the Earth: A Strategy for
Sustainable Living, IUCN, UNEP, and WWF, Gland,
Switzerland, 1991.
Kenrick, J. and J. Lewis, “Indigenous peoples’ rights and the
politics of the term ‘indigenous’ ”,Anthropology Today, 20
(2): 4-9, 2004.
Krech, S. III, The Ecological Indian: Myth and History, W. W.
Norton & Co., New York, 1999.
Kuper, A., “The return of the native” Current Anthropology,
44 (3): 396-397, 2003.
López-Zent, E. and S. Zent, “Amazonian Indians as ecological
disturbance agents: The Hoti of the Sierra de Maigualida,
Venezuelan Guayana”, in Carlson, T. and L. Maffi (eds.),
Ethnobotany and Conservation of Biocultural Diversity,
Advances in Economic Botany Series Vol. 15, New York
Botanical Garden Press, 79-112, Bronx, N.Y, 2004.
Lord, N., “Native tongues”, Sierra, 81 (6), 46-69, 1996.
Maffi, L.(ed.), On Biocultural Diversity: Linking Language,
Knowledge, and the Environment. Smithsonian Institution
Press, Washington, DC, 2001.
Maffi, L., “Maintaining and restoring biocultural diversity: The
evolution of a role for ethnobiology”, in Carlson, T. and L.
Maffi (eds.), Ethnobotany and Conservation of Biocultural
Diversity, Advances in Economic Botany Series Vol. 15,