Manual of Clinical Nutrition

HIV Infection and AIDS

Manual of Clinical Nutrition Management III- 54 Copyright © 2013 Compass Group, Inc.

Generic Name (commercial name);
Class of Drug (manufacturer);
Forms (tablets, capsules, oral
solutions, or injections)

Food, Drink, and

Other Interactions

Potential Side Effects

Lamivudine, 3TC (Epivir);
NRTI (Glaxo SmithKline);
Tablets; oral solution (strawberry-
banana flavor)

Take with or without

food

Nausea and vomiting, abdominal
cramps, diarrhea, pancreatitis, lactic
acidosis (rare);
Dose is changed for kidney problems;
Note: also used for hepatitis B in lower
doses as Epivir HBV
Lamivudine/Zidovudine, 3TC/ZDV,
3TC/AZT (Combivir);
NRTI combination (Glaxo SmithKline);
Tablets

Take with or without

food

See side effects on drug labels for

Lamivudine, Zidovudine

Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra);
Protease inhibitor (Abbott);
Soft gel capsules (contain sorbitol), oral
solution (cotton candy or vanilla;
contains alcohol and saccharin)

Take with food Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea,
increased triglyceride levels;
increased cholesterol levels, fat
maldistribution; inflamed pancreas;
hyperglycemia;
Be careful if you have liver problems; if
taken with Didanosine, must be taken
2 hours apart
Nelfinavir (Viracept);
Protease inhibitor (Agouron);
Tablets; powder (contains aspartame)

Take with fatty food;

May crush tablets, mix

with water, and take

immediately after

mixing;

Mixing powder with

acidic food or drink

results in bitter

taste

Diarrhea, gas passing, nausea,

abdominal pain, hyperlipidemia; fat

maldistribution; diabetes (rare),

increased liver enzymes;

Be careful if you have liver problems

Nevirapine (Viramune);
NNRTI (Roxane);
Tablets; oral suspension (contains
sorbitol)

Take with or without

food

Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain,

fatigue, toxic to the liver

Ritonavir (Norvir);
Protease inhibitor (Abbott);
Soft gel capsule; oral solution (contains
saccharin, alcohol; peppermint,
caramel)

Take with food Nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, taste
changes, loss of appetite, upset
stomach, diabetes, inflamed pancreas,
increased triglyceride levels,
increased liver enzymes, increased
muscle damage, increased uric acid
Saquinavir (Invirase, Fortovase);
Protease inhibitor (Roche);
Invirase: capsules; Fortovase: soft gel
capsules

Take within 2 hours of

a high-calorie, high-

fat meal

Nausea, abdominal discomfort, gas,
diarrhea, low blood sugar,
mouth/esophageal ulcers;
Be careful if you have liver disease,
check triglyceride levels
Stavudine, d4T (Zerit, Zerit XR);
NRTI (Bristol-Myers Squibb);
Zerit: capsules or powder (fruit);
Zerit XR: capsules

Take with or without

food;

Avoid drinking alcohol

Nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, loss of
appetite, mouth/esophageal ulcers,
lipoatrophy, hyperlipidemia,
problems with feeling in your arms
and legs, increased liver enzymes,
increased pancreas enzymes;
May change dose for kidney problems
Tenofovir (Viread);
NRTI (Gilead);
Tablets (contain lactose)

Take with food;

Avoid St John's wort,

garlic supplements,

and milk thistle

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, passing gas,

abdominal pain, lactic acidosis (rare),

increased muscle damage, increased

triglyceride levels;

Do not take if you have kidney problems