Manual of Clinical Nutrition

Pneumonia

Manual of Clinical Nutrition Management III- 105 Copyright © 2013 Compass Group, Inc.

 Encourage small bites.
 Avoid using straws since liquids will be rushed to the back of the mouth before swallowing is safe.
 Avoid serving thin liquids, as they can be easily aspirated. Thickened liquids will slow transit time.

References

1. Marrie TJ. Bacterial pneumonia. In: Conn RB, Borer WZ, Snyder JW, eds. Current Diagnosis 9. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 1997:
   307 - 311.


2. Pneumonia. American Lung Association; 1996. Fact sheet.


3. White J, ed. The Role of Nutrition in Chronic Disease Care. Washington, DC: Nutrition Screening Initiative; 1997:22-35..


4. Hedlund JU, Hansson LO, Ortqvist AB. Hypoalbuminemia in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Arch
   Intern Med. 1995;155:1438-1442.


5. Craven DE, Steger KA, Barat LM, Duncan RA. Nosocomial pneumonia: epidemiology and infection control. Intensive Care Med. 1992;
   18(suppl 1):S3-9.


6. Inman-Felton A, Smith K, Johnson E, eds. Medical Nutrition Therapy Across the Continuum of Care. 2 nd ed. Chicago, Ill: American
   Dietetic Association; 1998.


7. Escott-Stump S. Nutrition and Diagnosis-Related Care. 5th ed. Baltimore, Md: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002:199.


8. Romore MM. Vitamin A as an immunomodulating agent. Clin Pharm. 1993;12:506-514.


9. Chandra RK. Effect of vitamin and trace element supplementation on immune responses in elderly subjects. Lancet.
   1992;340:1124-1127.


10. Neidert KC, ed. Nutrition Care of the Older Adult. Chicago, Ill: American Dietetic Association; 1998:213.