Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt

xiv Chronology of Major Events

CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR EVENTS (continued)

Egypt Near East and Mediterranean

Valley of the Kings started Mitanni people are ascendant

Karnak embellished Myceneans establish citadels

Deir el-Bahri temples expanded Assyrians begin a recovery after

a time of decline

Akhenaten reigns at ’Amarna

Thebes is the capital of Egypt

1200 B.C.E.–1000 B.C.E.

Ramessids regain lands lost in the

’Amarna Period Babylon is restored after a time of decline

Abu Simbel is opened Sea Peoples destroy the power of the

Hittites

Per-Ramesses becomes the capital The Iron Age commences in the

of Egypt Mediterranean

Treaty established with the Hittites

The Sea Peoples are defeated

The Egyptian Empire is eroded by

internal and external pressures

Amunite priests reach their ascendancy

Medinet Habu is completed

1000 B.C.E.–700 B.C.E.

Third Interim Period Phoenicians establish the city of Carthage

Egypt is divided between Tanis and Thebes Etruscans settle in the Italian Peninsula

Libya assumes control of Egypt Assyria collapses as the major power in the

Tigris-Euphrates region

Shoshenq I conducts campaigns

against the invaders Babylon regains its ancient power

Egypt is splintered The first Olympic Games are held in Greece

Nubians take control of part of Egypt

under the leadership of Piankhi Homer writes the Iliad

Assyrians assault the Nile

Egypt undergoes a cultural renaissance

600 B.C.E.–300 B.C.E.

Trade and commerce revived under Saites Cyrus the Great of Persia conquers Babylon

The Persian Empire conquers Egypt The Persian capital of Persepolis is founded

Egyptians briefly reclaim control The first war between Greece and Persia is

fought

Persians reconquer Egypt Athens emerges as the chief political power

in Greece

Darius I of Persia codifies laws for Egypt Philosophy and art flourish in Greece

The last flowering of Egyptian art Rome begins its rise to power in the Italian

Peninsula

Alexander the Great enters Egypt during his

campaign against the Persian Empire Gauls sack Rome

Alexandria is founded by Alexander Alexander the Great becomes king of

the Great Macedon and conquers the Persian Empire

300 B.C.E.–30 B.C.E.

Rise of the Ptolemaic dynasty Rome and Carthage fight the Punic Wars,

leaving Rome master of the Mediterranean

A leap year is added to the calendar Rome conquers Greece

Manetho writes his history Pompey the Great campaigns in the East