the Twentieth Dynasty. The conspiracy was recorded in
the JUDICIAL PAPYRUS OF TURINand in other papyri. TIYE
(2), a minor wife of Ramesses III, plotted with 28 high-
ranking court and military officials and an unknown
number of lesser wives of the pharaoh to put her son,
PENTAWERET, on the throne. A revolt by the military and
the police was planned for the moment of Ramesses III’s
assassination. With so many people involved, however, it
was inevitable that the plot should be exposed.
The coup was perhaps successful in its purpose.
Ramesses III is believed to have died soon after. He com-
missioned a trial but took no part in the subsequent
proceedings. The court was composed of 12 administra-
tors and military officials. Five of the judges made the
error of holding parties with the accused women and one
of the men indicted during the proceedings, and they
found themselves facing charges for aiding the original
criminals.
There were four separate prosecutions. Tiye, who
had plotted in favor of her son, Pentaweret, was executed
in the first proceeding with 20 others, members of the
police, military, and palace units that were supposed to
rise up in support of Pentaweret when Ramesses III died.
In the second prosecution, six more were found guilty
and were forced to commit suicide in the courtroom.
Pentaweret and three others had to commit suicide as a
result of the third prosecution. During the final episode,
several judges and two officers were convicted. Three of
these judges lost their ears and noses. One was forced to
commit suicide and one was released after a stern repri-
mand.
harem (2) This was the name given to the women
who served in the temples of KARNAKand LUXORas Dedi-
cated Adoratrices of the deity Amun. Taking roles as
chanters, adorers, priestesses, etc., these women were in
full-time employment or served as volunteers. The GOD’S
WIFE OF AMUN, a rank reserved for princesses, headed the
god’s vast “harem,” thus regulating such service. The
women were involved in such duties as officials of the
temple until the end of the Third Intermediate Period
(1070–712 B.C.E.). Many continued in the roles through-
out the remaining historical periods of the nation.
Harkhuf (fl. 23rd century B.C.E.)Trade official of the
Sixth Dynasty
He served PEPI I (r. 2289–2255 B.C.E.), MERENRÉ (r.
2255–2246 B.C.E.), and PEPI II (r. 2246–2152 B.C.E.).
Harkhuf was a leader of expeditions below the first
CATARACTof the Nile. Eventually he was named the over-
seer of foreign soldiers in the service of the throne and
the governor of the region south of ASWAN. On one such
journey he captured a dancing DWARFand sent word to
the ruler, Pepi II, who was a child at the time. Harkhuf
informed Pepi II that he was bringing home the little one
as a gift. Pepi II responded with a letter detailing the care
and comfort to be extended to the dwarf. He stated that
the official would be handsomely rewarded if the dwarf
arrived “alive, prosperous and healthy.” The governors of
the various territories on the Nile were also notified by
Pepi II to offer hospitality to Harkhuf and his cherished
traveling companion. The text of Pepi II’s letter is on a
wall of Harkhuf’s tomb at QUBBET EL-HAWWAat Aswan.Harmachis (1)(fl. eighth century B.C.E.) Prince of the
Twenty-fifth Dynasty
He was the son of SHABAKA(r. 712–698 B.C.E.) and served
as the first prophet of AMUNduring his father’s reign. The
presence of a royal prince in the Amunite temple in
THEBES unified the religious and political aspects of
Shabaka’s claim to the throne. A quartzite statue of Har-
machis was found in KARNAK.Harmachis (2) See SPHINX.Harnakhte (1)(fl. 10th century B.C.E.)Prince of the
Twenty-second Dynasty
He was the son of SHOSHENQ I(r. 945–924 B.C.E.). Little is
known of Harnakhte’s life or duties in the court of his
father, but his tomb was discovered at TANIS. The burial
site had been plundered, but Harnakhte’s mummy was
intact.Harnakhte (2)(fl. 10th century B.C.E.)Prince of the
Twenty-second Dynasty
He was the son of OSORKON II(r. 883–855 B.C.E.). The
prince was named high priest of AMUNbut died young.
Buried at TANISwith his father, Harnakhte was placed in a
coffin that dated to the reign of RAMESSES II(1290–1224
B.C.E.). Unfortunately, the SARCOPHAGUSwas too small, so
Harnakhte’s legs and feet reportedly were amputated to
make him fit into the funerary container. Both his tomb
and that of Osorkno II were despoiled by robbers.Harnedjheriotef(fl. c. 1760 B.C.E.)Ruler of the Thir-
teenth Dynasty, probably succeeding Amenemhet V
Harnedjheriotef resided in ITJ-TAW Y, the dynastic capital
near the FAIYUM. His origins are undocumented, and in
some lists he is called “the Asiatic,” which would attest to
a Canaanite ancestry. A statue and a STELAbearing his
name were found in the Delta, and a commemorative
stela was discovered in the city of Jericho.Haroeris See HORUS.Haronophis(fl. second century B.C.E.)Egyptian who
led a revolt against Ptolemy V Epiphanes (205–180 B.C.E.)
He was a Theban who tried to restore a native dynasty in
the former capital of THEBESand enlisted the aid of Upper158 harem