Shuta 373the high priest of AMUNand the governor of Upper Egypt.
Nimlot was made commander of HERAKLEOPOLIS, and
Djedptahaufankh became third prophet of Amun. A sec-
ond consort, KAROMANA, was the mother of Shoshenq I’s
heir, OSORKON I. A daughter, Ta’apenes, was married to
the Edomite prince Hadad, who had been given refuge in
Egypt. Another consort of Shoshenq I was Queen PEN-
RESHNAS, a Libyan aristocrat.
Shoshenq I was buried in TANIS. His coffin, made of
silver and decorated with a hawk’s head, was discovered
in an antechamber of the tomb of Psusennes I. The
mummy within his coffin was undisturbed but de-
stroyed by dampness. A calcite canopic chest was also
recovered.
Shoshenq II (Hegakheperre’setepenré)(d. 883 B.C.E.)
Fourth ruler of the Twenty-second Dynasty, reigning only
one year
He was the son of OSORKON Iand Queen MA’ATKARÉ(3)
and possibly the high priest of Amun at Thebes, for a
time, called Shoshenq Meryamun. Osorkon I made him
coruler of Egypt, but Shoshenq II died suddenly of an
infected head wound. He was survived by his son, HAR-
SIESE, and his wife, Queen NESITANEBETASHRU (1).
Shoshenq II was buried in TANISbut was moved to the
tomb of Psussenes I when his own resting place flooded.
He had two sarcophagi, one dating to the Thirteenth
Dynasty (1783–1640 B.C.E.).
Shoshenq III (Userma’atre’setepenré)(d. 783 B.C.E.)
Seventh ruler of the Twenty-second Dynasty, a usurper
He reigned from 835 B.C.E. until his death, having
usurped the throne upon the death of TAKELOT II, putting
aside the heir, Prince OSORKON. Shoshenq III was proba-
bly the son of OSORKON II(r. 883–855 B.C.E.) and Queen
KAROMANA(4). He married Lady TENTAMOPET.
In his sixth regnal year, Shoshenq III witnessed the
rise of HARSIESE, the son of SHOSHENQ II, as the high priest
of AMUNin THEBES. Harsiese began a series of revolts in
Thebes, as PEDUBASTE I of the Twenty-third Dynasty
assumed the throne and ruled at LEONTOPOLIS(828–803
B.C.E.). Egypt was divided between TANISand Leontopo-
lis. Shoshenq III built in MEMPHISand MENDESand cele-
brated his HEB-SEDat the temple of AMUNin Tanis. His
vassal cities included BUSIRIS, BUTO, and SAIS. He also
named Prince Osorkon to the office of high priest of
Amun in Thebes.
His sons were Bakennefi, who died young, PAMI, who
was his successor, and possibly SHOSHENQ V. Shoshenq III
was buried at Tanis near the temple of Amun. His seal
has been discovered on a statuette and on CANOPIC JARS.
Shoshenq IV (Userma’atre’meryamun)(d. 797 B.C.E.)
Second ruler of the Twenty-third Dynasty
He reigned from c. 803 B.C.E. until his death. He suc-
ceeded PEDUBASTE, the founder of the dynasty in LEON-
TOPOLIS. Little is known of his reign.Shoshenq V (Akhepruré)(d. 735 B.C.E.)Ninth ruler
of the Twenty-second Dynasty in Tanis
He reigned from 773 B.C.E. until his death. Shoshenq V
was probably the brother of PAMIand a son of SHOSHENQ
IIIand Queen TENTAMOPET. There was a dispute over his
coronation, but he ruled many decades in TANIS. There he
built a temple and a HEB-SEDchapel. His son and heir was
OSORKON IV.shoy See FATE; SHAI.Shu He was an Egyptian deity of the air, the patron of
light and atmosphere. At the command of ATUM, Shu
lifted NUTfrom the embrace of the earth god GEBand
transformed her into the sky. A solar deity, Shu was
depicted as a man carrying a SCEPTER, an ANKHor a MA’AT
feather. He wore a SOLAR DISKon his head.
The consort of TEFNUT, Shu was also part of lion
cults. The four pillars of heaven were his symbols. He
was worshiped at HELIOPOLISand at LEONTOPOLIS. Shu
was called “He Who Rises Up.” He was a member of the
ENNEADin Heliopolis and was also associated with the
cult of RÉ, protecting that deity from the serpent APOPHIS.
Shu was the personification of divine intelligence in
Egypt.
See also PILLARS OF SHU.Shunet el-Zabib A double walled FORTRESScalled “the
Storehouse of Dates” and located on the northern bound-
ary of ABYDOSat Umm el-Ga’ab, this necropolis area dates
to the Early Dynastic Period (2920–2575 B.C.E.). The
funerary enclosure of KHA’SEKHEMWY(r. c. 2649 B.C.E.)
was made of mud brick and erected on the site. It is
revered as the oldest standing monumental structure in
the world and is part of Shunet el-Zabib. The walls of the
entire structure are vast. CENOTAPHShave been discov-
ered, as well as a series of boat pits.Shuta(fl. 14th century B.C.E.)Military official of the
Eighteenth Dynasty in the ’Amarna Period
He served as a military commander in the reign of
AKHENATEN(1353–1335 B.C.E.). Some records indicate
that he was the grandfather or great grandfather of
RAMESSES I(r. 1307–1306 B.C.E.). He was mentioned in
the ’AMARNA LETTERS, the correspondence of Akhenaten’s
period, actually accused by BIRYAWAZA, the prince of
Damascus, of unjustly demanding land grants for Egypt.
Shuta and other commanders were being forced to vacate
certain vassal states during Akhenaten’s reign as the
empire collapsed.