406 ThunanyThunany(fl. 15th century B.C.E.)Royal military scribe
of ancient Egypt
He accompanied TUTHMOSIS III(r. 1479–1425 B.C.E.) on
his vast military campaigns. Such scribes were part of
Tuthmosis III’s military exploits, recording marches, bat-
tles, and even botanical specimens encountered during
the trek of the armies. Thunany and others could authen-
ticate such campaigns as eyewitnesses. Their testimony
was used as the basis for the inscriptions and historical
records. Thunany was buried in Thebes, and his tomb
contains strong images of his adventures.
Thuré(fl. 15th century B.C.E.)Military commander and
viceroy of the Eighteenth Dynasty
He served TUTHMOSIS I(r. 1504–1492 B.C.E.) in various
capacities. Thuré was in control of BUHEN, the Egyptian
FORTRESSat WADI HALFAin NUBIA(modern Sudan). He
rebuilt that Middle Kingdom (2040–1640 B.C.E.) struc-
ture and instituted advanced Egyptian defenses. Thuré
also became the VICEROYof Nubia, called “the King’s Son
of Kush.”
As viceroy, Thuré directed the digging of wells, the
refurbishing of forts and TRADEcenters, and police oper-
ation. He was provided with an elite team of soldiers
called “the Brave Ones,” who crossed 110 miles of desert
to protect a series of wells. As a result, Thuré knew the
area and the customs of the local populations. Thuré
advised Tuthmosis I during his campaign to KURGUSat
the fourth cataract. He had started his career in the reign
of AMENHOTEP I (1525–1504 B.C.E.) and provided
decades of loyal service to the pharaohs of this historical
period.
Thuthotep(fl. 19th century B.C.E.) Princely governor of
the Twelfth Dynasty
He served in the reigns of AMENEMHET II (1929–1892
B.C.E.), SENWOSRET II(1897–1878 B.C.E.), and SENWOSRET
III (1878–1841 B.C.E.) as the governor of HERMOPOLIS
(Khemenu) nome, called the Hare province. Thuthotep’s
father was Prince Kei, or Key, whose father, Nehri, lived
to such an advanced age that he stepped aside and
allowed Thuthotep to take succession.
The tomb of Thuthotep at EL-BERSHA, famous for its
decorations, contains a unique painting depicting the
delivery of a colossal statue. The relief shows more than
170 warriors from Thuthotep’s nome pulling the statue in
four double rows. The colossus was quarried at HATNUB
and sent to HERMOPOLISwhere it was erected in its desig-
nated place. The statue is believed to have weighed 60
tons, standing more than 22 feet high. Thuthotep was the
official overseeing the safe delivery of the colossus.
Priests, soldiers, and other nome officials were involved
as well.
Thuya See YUYA AND THUYA.
Ti(fl. 25th century B.C.E.)Royal barber and overseer of
the Fifth Dynasty
Ti served KAKAI(r. 2446–2426 B.C.E.) as a royal barber
and overseer of royal lands. He married Princess NE-
FERHETEPES (2), Kakai’s daughter, and their sons in-
herited the rank of prince. Ti served also as the steward
of the funerary complexes of dynastic rulers. His elabo-
rate MASTABA was discovered in SAQQARA, and the
entrance to his tomb has a pillared vestibule and an
open pillared court. Stairs descend to a subterran-
ean passage that leads to an antechamber and burial
room. Princess Neferhetepes was buried with Ti. The
tomb has vivid reliefs, including a scene depicting a
hippo hunt. A SERDAB,agricultural paintings, and a
FALSE DOORadd to the tomb’s splendor. A painted lime-
stone statue of Ti, six foot five inches in size, was also
recovered.Tia (1)(fl. 13th century B.C.E.)Royal woman of the
Nineteenth Dynasty
She was the daughter of SETI I(r. 1306–1290 B.C.E.) and
Queen TUYA, and the sister of RAMESSES II(r. 1290–1224
B.C.E.). Tia married an official, also named Tia, the son of
a scribe, Amenwhosu, and they had a daughter, Mut-
ma’atnefer. The tomb of Tia in MEMPHISwas fashioned
out of limestone and contained magnificent reliefs. The
site was designed with a porch and a court, two tomb
chapels, a shrine, and an exterior PYRAMID.Tia (2)(fl. 13th century B.C.E.)Royal woman of the
Nineteenth Dynasty
She was the consort of the usurper AMENMESSES (r. c.
1214 B.C.E.) and the mother of SIPTAH (r. 1204–1198
B.C.E.). Tia may have been a widowed consort of
MERENPTAH(r. 1224–1214 B.C.E.).“Time of the Gods” This was a romantic Egyptian
term used to designate the Predynastic Periods before
3,000 B.C.E. The term also referred to the reigns of certain
deities, particularly solar gods and goddesses. These
deities were believed to have abandoned their earthly
powers to reside in the heavens. The “Time of the Gods”
added specific dignity and authority to older traditions or
rites, providing them with divine origins. As the various
cults evolved over the centuries, the original purposes
and customs prevailed because they came into existence
in the “Time of the Gods.”Timotheus(fl. third century B.C.E.)Athenian priest his-
torian who was summoned to Alexandria
He was from a priestly family in Athens and was
requested by PTOLEMY I SOTER(r. 304–284 B.C.E.) to
come to ALEXANDRIAto assist in uniting the Egyptian
and Greek pantheons of the gods. Timotheus arrived
in the new capital and began work with MANETHON,