based partly on one and partly on another of these three sources but if it corresponds
with facts, it belongs to this type.
wrong knowledge; erroneous impression; mistake; delusion false;illusory knowledge; conception (of) not its own (real) form
possessing; occupying; based.- Wrong knowledge is a false conception of a thing whose real form does
not correspond to such a mistaken conception.
The second type of Vrtti called Viparyaya is also based on some kind of contact
with an external object but the mental image does not correspond with the object. The
examples usually given to illustrate this kind of Vrtti such as a mirage in a desert may
give the impression that it is very rare but this is not a fact. Cases of Viparyaya are
very frequent. Wherever there is lack of correspondence between our conception of a
thing and the thing itself we have really an instance of Viparyaya. But it should be re-
membered that in Viparyaya we are not concerned with the correctness or definiteness
of our mental impressions but only with the correspondence between the object and the
mental image formed in our mind. In partial darkness our impression of an object may
be blurred but if it corresponds with the object it is not a case of Viparyaya.
word cognizance following upon empty of substance;devoid of objectivity fancy.
- An image conjured up by words without any substance behind it is fancy.
The first two categories of mental modifications exhaust all kinds of experi-
ences in which there is some kind of contact with an object outside the mind. These