of gastric emptying or of intestinal absorption,
and dilute carbohydrate–electrolyte solutions
can optimize replacement. Electrolyte replace-
ment is not a priority during exercise, but so-
dium may be needed if sweat losses are very
large and are replaced with plain water. Athletes
should ensure that, whenever possible, they
are fully hydrated at the beginning of exercise.
Rehydration after exercise requires that an ade-
quate fluid volume is ingested and that elec-
trolyte losses are replaced.
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