4.3. MORE PARTICLES 203of the original to the instance it is suffixed to instead. This may sound a bit
strange, so an example will hopefully make it clearer:A:
...
B:
...A: ”Ah, I’m sorry, Not looking at where I was going and just walking
into you like that...”
B: ”No, no, it should be me who should be apologising. If I had paid
more aĴention to what was going on...”Aside from an embarrassing moment, speaker B uses with
(which is used to refer to himself in this case) to make the act of apol-
ogising apply to him more than to speaker A, thus ”shifting” the need to
apologise from A to B instead. can also be used on its own, in which
case it is perceived as contrasting the stated to everything else, typically
being translatable with ”exactly” or ”precisely”:
”But that’s *precisely* why (I) came over.”- Experience, social custom, because
As mentioned in the outline, when and were treated as special
nouns, is used to conceptualise something as real, be ittangibleor
intangible. Because of this, it can fulfil a few roles, such as listing an expe-
rience:”We were raised properly when we were children.”Here indicates that is a real, albeit intangible,
thing. Because it is past tense, the only real thing it can be is the speaker’s
own experience. When used with present tense, the only way intangible