Glossary 359
Distal Impersonal..
Dominant That which is most important. Contrast to ”subordinate”..
Dubitative A word or part of phrase that expresses doubt about some
maĴer..
Effeminate A word or part of phrase that is associated with being used
predominantly by women. Contrast to ”masculine”..
Emphatic A word or part of phrase that places emphasis on a maĴer..
Existential Refers to something being considered to exist as either a con-
crete or abstract thing..
Familiar speech A speech paĴern used when talking to people whom you
are intimately acquainted with..
Formal speech A speech paĴern used when talking to people who you are
not intimately acquainted with. Contrast to ”informal speech”..
Formality A particular behavioural paĴern used for the sake of procedure
or decorum..
Future tense A verb tense that indicates that something will occur in the
future. In English, this uses the auxiliary verb ”will”. In Japanese,
this tense does not explicitly exist..
GenitiveExpressing a word or part of phrase belongs to, or is specified by,
another word or part of phrase. From the Latin ”genitus”, meaning
”begoĴen”..
Gerundive A verb or verb phrase that that is being used as noun..
GloĴal stop A stop consonant, formed by briefly closing the gloĴis while
aĴempting to speak anyway, followed by opening the vocal cords to
release the built up pressure..
Habitual An act that is performed regularly, or some state that is regularly
the case..
Honorific A form of language in which one raises the perceived status of
subjects..