Chemistry of Essential Oils

EUTACE^l 435

Bigarade (Bitter). «'Portugal"

(Sweet).

Specific gravity. 0*871 0'857

Optical rotation

Acid value

Ester value

Methyl anthranilate

+ 10° 54' + 42° 47'

1-37 1-6

37-67 6-86

0'5 per cent. 0*3 per cent.

SICILIAN OIL.

; characters :—

ALQBBIAN OIL.

SYRIAN OIL.

.

0*860 to 0'924

. + 2° 54' „ 56° 30'
1-4680 „ 1-4740
6 „ 127

0*872 to

. + 5° 42' „
72 „

0*8758

+ 1° 6'

51*5

0*877

+ 6° 6'

91

Spanish oils have a specific gravity up to 0*885 and an optical rota-

tion varying from + 9° to + 29°.

Various other oils distilled in different parts of the world have been

examined with the following results :—

Specific gravity

Optical rotation

Refractive index

Ester value

Specific gravity

Optical rotation

Ester value

Specific gravity

Optical rotation

Ester value

Umney and Bennett have examined a Chinese neroli oil derived from
Citrus triptera. It had a specific gravity 0

• 850 and optical rotation +
  35°. It contained 4'8 per cent, of esters calculated as linalyl acetate, and
  21 per cent, of free alcohols as linalol. It contained much limonene,
  camphene, linalyl acetate, methyl-anthranilate and a paraffin.
  Methyl anthranilate, determined as described under tangerine orange
  oil, is present to the extent of 0'2 to 1'5 per cent, in ordinary neroli oil,
  or 10


• 
  

  5 to 16 per cent, in the oil extracted from the distillation water.
  Neroli oil contains Z-a-pinene, Z-camphene, limonene, dipentene,
  decyl aldehyde, phenyl-ethyl-alcohol, nerol, linalol, rf-terpineol, nerolidol,
  geraniol, acetic esters of the various alcohols present, indol, traces of
  benzole, palmitic, and phenyl-acetic acids in the form of esters, linalyl
  acetate, and one or more paraffin hydrocarbons. None of these bodies,
  however, are responsible for the characteristic fluorescence of the oil.
  Ernst and Hugo Brdmann
  l
  have examined the oil, and found that the
  portion which distils about 115° at a pressure of 10 mm. leaves on sap-
  onification a crystalline acid of melting-point about 140°. This acid was
  completely identified as anthranilic acid (o-amidobenzoic acid), and it
  occurs in the oil as its methyl ester. The pure body, methyl-o-amido-
  benzoate, is an oil solidifying at low temperatures in crystals, melting at
  24-5° and boiling at 127° at 11 mm. Its specific gravity is 1-163 and 26°.
  It is easily soluble in dilute mineral acids (on account of its basic
  character), alcohol or ether, and yields a crystalline hydrochloride. It is
  strongly fluorescent. Schimmel & Co. have found in the oil obtained by

  
  

*B*riehte (1899), 1213.