cultural group is in a dominant or subordinate position (has major-
ity or minority status) may dictate the degree of structure necessary
to achieve a successful outcome (Spokane et al., 2001).
The selection of therapeutic interventions in the career arena
may also differ, depending on the nature of the problems being pre-
sented. We prefer the term career interventionto the term career
counselingbecause of its breadth and inclusiveness with respect to
what can be conducted, as compared with the more narrow term
career counseling,which implies a one-on-one or group interaction.
Counseling psychologists are trained, specifically, to handle a blend
of career and mental health concerns and are challenged, increas-
ingly, to do so as the profession expands from college-based to adult
client populations.
In both of these cases, we have been asked to indicate what
additional background or assessment data our particular approach
might require, what culture, gender, and mental health interven-
tions we might see, and how we would proceed to intervene in
these cases. The information presented includes limited biographi-
cal and educational data, limited occupational history data (one
client is seventeen, the other twenty), self-efficacy data, partial SDS
data, values data, and responses to several open-ended questions
around lifestyle issues.
Although we have been asked to indicate how we would pro-
ceed with career counseling in these two cases, the selection of ther-
apeutic interventions in the career arena may depend on the nature
of the problems being presented. We prefer the term career interven-
tionto the term career counselingbecause of its breadth and inclu-
siveness with respect to what can be conducted, compared with the
more narrow termcareer counseling,which implies a one-on-one or
group interaction. Counseling psychologists are trained to handle a
blend of career and mental health concerns and are challenged,
increasingly, to do so, as the profession expands from college-based
to adult-client populations. The focus of an intervention may be on
career material exclusively, or the focus may shift from a narrow,
closely directed emphasis in career or personal areas to a broad and
HOLLAND’S THEORY 411