Career Choice and Development

THE ROLE OF WORK VALUES AND CULTURAL VALUES 499

EXHIBIT11.1. A Values-Based Career Counseling Model

Stage 1

IDENTIFY THE DECISION-MAKER

∇

Independent Decision-Maker ↔ Collaborative or Dependent

Proceed with Individual Decision-Maker—Involve
Family or Other Participants
(decision-making system)

Stage 2

⇐ RELATIONSHIP BUILDING ⇒

Use Culturally Appropriate Techniques

Based on Self-Control Value

For example, traditional techniques such as questioning, reflection, confronta-
tions for clients with a moderate concern for self-control. Focus on behavior
for clients with high degree of concern for self-control; deference to family
members and other who may lose face if contradicted by authority figure.

Stage 3

ASSESSMENT AND GOAL SETTING

(1) Conflicts in decision-making (for example, conflicting values for clients
with individualism social values; conflicts within the decision-making system,
and so on; (2) Premature elimination of career options because of gender,
racial, or other stereotypes; (3) Fear of discrimination; (4) Lack of values-
based occupational information; (5) Work values not crystallized or priori-
tized; (6) Values-based conflicts within/among life roles; (7) Present or circular
time orientation that limits planning; (8) Unable to reconcile cultural values
and traditions and workplace values and expectations; (9) Psychological prob-
lem that precludes immediate decision making and/or limits occupational
choices in the long-term; (10) Immediate need to meet basic needs prior to
long-term planning, and/or (11) Physical limitations that eliminate options.

Stage 4

⇐ PROBLEM-SOLVING⇒

Interventions matched to the cultural values of the decision-maker or
decision-making system and the problems that have been identified in the as-
sessment stage.

Stage 5

TERMINATION