74 J.J.C. Smart
81 Cf. William James, Varieties of Religious Experience (New York: Random House,
1929), final chapter and postscript.
82 See the article on Pascal by R.H. Popkin, in Paul Edwards (Editor in Chief ),
The Encyclopedia of Philosophy (New York: Collier-Macmillan, 1967).
83 Bertrand Russell, Why I am not a Christian (Simon and Schuster, 1957). Edited
by Paul Edwards with an Appendix on ‘ The Bertrand Russell Case’.
84 See William James, ‘The Will to Believe’, in his The Will to Believe and Other
Essays in Popular Philosophy (London: Longmans Green, 1931), especially p. 6.
85 See Pascal, Pensées, edited by Louis Lafuma and translated by H.T. Barnwell
(London: Dent, 1973).
86 Antony Flew, The Presumption of Atheism (London: Pemberton Publishing
Company, 1976), ch. 1, p. 16, also ch. 5 (‘Is Pascal’s Wager the Only Safe
Bet?’). Flew indicated that the idea of Pascal’s wager can be traced back to the
Islamic philosopher AI-Ghazali.
87 William James, ‘The Will to Believe’, p. 6.
88 Ibid.
89 William James, Varieties of Religious Experience, p. 22.
90 Antony Flew, Hume’s Philosophy of Belief (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul,
1961).
91 See F. Waismann, ‘Verifiability’, in Antony Flew (ed.), Logic and Language,
First Series (Oxford: Blackwell, 1951).
92 I am here indebted to an unpublished paper by W. Ginnane.
93 Thus my father calculated that there were neap tides at the time of the Spanish
Armada. He did this on behalf of J. Holland Rose. See the latter’s paper ‘ Was
the Failure of the Spanish Armada due to Storms?’,Proceedings of the British
Academy, 22 (1936), 207 – 44, especially p. 226. (There is a misprint in the
second footnote, where ‘E.M. Smart’ should be ‘W.M. Smart’.)
94 D.E. Nineham, The Gospel according to St Mark (Harmondsworth: Pengum
Books, 1972).
95 Reprinted in F.H. Bradley’sCollected Essays, vol. 1 (Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1935).
96 Ibid., p. 20.
97 Ibid., p. 20.
98 Ibid., pp. 63 – 4.
99 C.A.J. Coady, Testimony: A Philosophical Study (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992).
100 First published 1819 anonymously. Quoted in Coady, Testimony: A Philosophical
Study, p. 187.
101 S.G.F. Brandon, Jesus and the Zealots (Manchester: Manchester University Press,
1967). Also ‘The Jesus of History’,History Today, 12 (1962), 13–21, and ‘The
Trial of Jesus’,History Today, 16 (1966), 251–9.
102 See Leon Festinger et al.,When Prophecy Fails (Minneapolis: Minnesota Univer-
sity Press, 1956).
103 ‘Free Will as involving Determination and Inconceivable without it’,Mind, 43
(1934), 1 – 27.
104 J.L. Austin, Philosophical Papers, 2nd edn (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970), p. 180.