92168.pdf

Colloid stability 231

10-^4 10-3 10-2 10-1

Electrolyte concentration/mol dm-3

Figure 8.7 Theoretical dependence of stability ratio on electrolyte concentration

calculated from equation (8.2) for a = 1(T^8 m, A = 2 x 10^19 J and tyd = 76.8 mV =

3kTle. At high electrolyte concentrations W < 1 owing to coagulation being

accelerated by van der Waals attractive forces (reduced flow rate in the narrow inter-

particle gap has not been allowed for) (By courtesy of Elsevier Publishing Company)

calculations for 1-1 and 2-2 electrolytes. For constant fa, a linear
relationship between log W and log c is predicted for practically the
whole of the slow coagulation region.
An alternative approach (which is more convenient, but more
approximate) is that of Reerink and Overbeek^196 , who have
combined an approximate form of equation (8,20),
1
-exp
2/Cfl

with equations (8.7) and (8.10) to derive a theoretical expression
which also predicts a linear relationship between log W and log c at
constant fa. For a temperature of 25°C and with the particle radius
expressed in metres, the resulting equation takes the form

log W = constant -2. 06x10 logc (8.21)

According to this approximation, d log W/d log c for the example of a

= 10~^8 m and fa = 3kT/e chosen in Figure 8.7 is equal to 9 for 1-1