Textbook of Personalized Medicine - Second Edition [2015]

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1 bp in the target DNA, and recognition sequences of TAL effectors are predictable
(Boch et al. 2009 ). The modular protein architecture enabled the construction of
artifi cial effectors with new specifi cities. TAL code is similar to a navigation
system for the genome, allowing pinpoint delivery of functional control elements
to any specifi ed sequence. TAL Effector Technology (licensed by Life
Technology) enables design of proteins to specifi cally target and bind to a desired
sequence of DNA.
Availability of complete genome sequences, high throughput technologies and
synthetic biology has enabled reverse vaccinology. Availability of sequence data
from different specimens of the same species of a pathogen provides an opportunity
to select novel candidates for personalized vaccines.

Integration of Technologies for Personalized Medicine

The concept of personalized medicine is the best way to integrate all the cutting
edge technologies for optimal application in healthcare as shown in the Fig. 1.3.

PERSONALIZED

MEDICINE

Bioinformatics

Integration of

diagnostics

and therapy

Point-of-care diagnostics

Early disease detection

SNP genotyping

Understanding of molecular pathology

Sensitive assays

Molecular imaging

Protein chips

Biosensors

Nanobiotechnology

Whole genome chip

Rational drug discovery

Cell therapy

Targeted therapy and drug delivery

Gene-based therapy and RNAi interference

Genomics/proteomics

Biomarkers

Disease pathways

Systems biology

© Jain PharmaBiotech

Fig. 1.3 Integration of technologies for the development of personalized medicine

1 Basic Aspects