Textbook of Personalized Medicine - Second Edition [2015]

46

severity of the disease and to identify the genes that can be targeted for therapy. This
is how microarrays can be used to develop personalized medical treatments.
Figure 2.3 shows development of biochips for pharmacogenomics and SNP geno-
typing to personalize medicine.

Biochip construction with

ssDNA microarray

Sample preparation, fluorescent

labelling of denatured ssDNA and

incubation on the biochip

Reading and analysis of pattern

of hybridization by special

devices to reveal DNA sequence

Planning of individualized

therapy for the patient

Hybridization of labelled ssDNA

to dsDNA on the biochip at loci

of complementary sequences

Correlation of the patient's gene

polymorphism to population with

known treatment outcome

© Jain PharmaBiotech

Fig. 2.3 Application of biochips/microarrays in personalized therapy

Rapid DNA sequencing

Drug discovery and development

High-throughput drug screening

Design and stratifi cation of clinical trials

Drug safety: applications in pharmacogenetics

Toxicogenomics

Clinical drug safety

Molecular diagnostics

Genetic screening

Detection of mutations

Inherited disorders

Identifi cation of pathogens and resistance in infections

Molecular oncology

Cancer prognosis

Cancer diagnosis

Pharmacogenomics

Gene identifi cation

Genetic mapping

Gene expression profi ling

Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

For storage of the patient’s genomic information

Integration of diagnosis and therapeutics

© Jain PharmaBiotech

Table 2.2 Applications of
biochip technology relevant
to personalized medicine

2 Molecular Diagnostics in Personalized Medicine