metal ion indicators for, 208potentiometric titrations, 212Evaluation of results and methods, 17
Evolved gas analysis (EGA), 497
Exchangeable protons, 409
Exchangers,
anion, 162cation, 162liquid, ion, 163Excitation,
electric charge, 290laser, 290Exclusion, chromatographic, 81
Expert systems, 529
Extraction, solvent, 55
applications of, 72association, effect of, 60batch, 68continuous, 68chelated, 66complex formation, effect of, 59Craig counter-current, 69efficiency of, 56methods of, 68non-chelated complexes, 65of covalent, neutral molecules, 58of ion-association complexes, 64