metal ion indicators for, 208
potentiometric titrations, 212
Evaluation of results and methods, 17
Evolved gas analysis (EGA), 497
Exchangeable protons, 409
Exchangers,
anion, 162
cation, 162
liquid, ion, 163
Excitation,
electric charge, 290
laser, 290
Exclusion, chromatographic, 81
Expert systems, 529
Extraction, solvent, 55
applications of, 72
association, effect of, 60
batch, 68
continuous, 68
chelated, 66
complex formation, effect of, 59
Craig counter-current, 69
efficiency of, 56
methods of, 68
non-chelated complexes, 65
of covalent, neutral molecules, 58
of ion-association complexes, 64