Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization

microscopy, 81, 85, 101, 155-157, 176, 182

molecular processes, 5, 156

multiple exciton generation, 92, 93

nanoscience, xi, xii, 5, 6, 67, 75, 88, 111,
161, 182

nanostructure, 25, 27, 61, 62, 68, 69, 75, 78,
81, 92, 97, 99, 103, 104, 109, 111, 112,
115, 142, 146, 156, 157, 163, 166, 172,
223

nanotechnology, 5, 67, 88, 115, 125, 161,
197

photocatalysis, 43, 46, 51, 83

photoelectrochemistry (PEC), 16, 26, 28-31

photoelectrodes, 29, 117-119, 161, 162

photoelectrolysis, 29, 31, 46, 117-119

photon management, 75, 77, 79

photoreduction, 44, 47, 119, 137

photosynthesis, x, xii, 3, 33-35, 37, 38, 41,
42, 48-52, 92, 121, 123, 125, 127, 128,
130, 139, 141-143, 145, 146, 158, 175,
182

photovoltaic (PV), ix, 13, 15-17, 20, 21, 30,
34, 58, 60, 64, 77, 91-99, 101-106, 113-
118, 136, 145, 156-158, 161, 165, 166,
171, 181, 182, 187, 189, 208, 213, 221

power production, 13, 16, 36, 62, 197

reflector, 58, 69, 164, 174, 189, 214-218

renewable fuels, 3

scanning probe, 5, 85, 101, 176, 182

self-assembly, xi, 5, 43, 49, 50, 127, 130,
139, 140-142, 171-174, 176, 177, 182

self-repair, 6, 40, 51, 145-147, 182

semiconductors, x, 15, 16, 21, 24, 28, 30,

46, 47, 61, 62, 77, 93, 97, 98, 103, 109,

110, 117-119, 140, 141, 166, 169, 171,

181, 182, 197, 222

silicon (Si), 13-16, 18, 20-22, 24, 64, 91, 95,

99, 109, 145, 161, 181, 189-196, 224

solar cells, ix, x, 13-15, 19-24, 26, 28, 30,

62, 63, 91, 92-96, 98, 101, 105, 109-115,

142, 145, 146, 166, 171-175, 177, 187,

189-197, 208, 221, 225

solar conversion, x, 3, 5, 6, 76, 82, 91, 99,

141, 142, 145, 182, 183, 209

solar fuels, ix, x, 4, 5, 19, 33-35, 37, 40, 48-

50, 52, 67, 127, 130, 132, 135, 136, 139,

141, 143, 144, 145, 149, 151, 199, 221

solar reactor, 66, 70, 152, 153, 221

solar thermal system, ix, xi, 4, 57, 58, 60,

66, 69, 164, 213-216

spectroscopy, x, 40, 77, 130, 132, 137, 156

thermoelectric, xi, 60-62, 67, 68, 75, 82,

161-163, 166, 167, 213, 222, 223, 225

thermophotovoltaic, 60, 62, 63, 68, 99, 161,

164, 167, 224, 225

thin-film material, 21, 63, 173

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), ix, 4, 5,

13, 36, 60, 169, 204, 213, 218

water oxidation, 40, 44, 46, 50, 130, 138,

139, 142, 143

water-splitting, 6, 47, 51, 65, 67, 117, 118,

127, 135, 140, 142, 146, 147, 149, 150, 158,

175