deleterious because it inhibits this compensatory mechanism by dilating
the efferent arteriole (thus decreasing ultrafiltration pressure).
Mechanical ventilation and other conditions that increase the intrathoracic
pressure, may lead to renal hypoperfusion and renal failure. This is
particularly true during states of inadequate cardiac filling volumes.Causes of pre-renal failure
Hypovolemia
HemorrhageExtensive burns (^)
Diarrhea
Decreased pre-load
Increased intrathoracic pressure with ventilation
Pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac pump failure
Heart failure
Cardiomyopathy
Reno-vascular disease
Drugs that impair renal auto-regulation (ACE inhibitors, anti-inflammatory drugs)
Liver failure
b) Renal failure
Parenchymal damage prevents the kidney from absorbing water and
electrolytes while eliminating byproducts of catabolism (creatinine, urea).