Nephrotoxic drugs (Antibiotics, carbamazepine, NSAID’s, diuretics,
ACE inhibitors)
Infectious (Bacterial, viral)Glomerulonephritis
Systemic lupus
Acute transplant rejectiona) Post-renal failure
In post-renal failure, decreased ultrafiltration pressure and acute
tubular injury result from obstruction of the urinary outflow. This
obstruction leads to retrograde or “backflow” of urine causing tubular
hypertension. Hydronephrosis or dilatation of the collecting system
occurs with prolonged obstruction usually over days.Causes of post-renal failure
Papillary necrosis
Posterior urethral valves
Urethral stricture
Retroperitoneal massProstatic hypertrophyCauses of renal failure in young children
Common causes of renal failure in young children include interstitial diseases
such as renal dysplasia, hypoplasia and obstructive uropathy. Glomerular-based
disease is more frequent in older children; this typically include
glomerulonephritis.
Clinical assessment of the child with acute renal failure
The clinical evaluation of a child with suspected renal failure should include a