Cliffs AP Chemistry, 3rd Edition

(continued)

Characteristic Ionic Metallic Covalent Network Molecular

Force Between ionic bond metallic covalent bond dipole-dipole

Units (Inter) electrostatic bond dispersion

attraction (London)

H bonds

dipole-induced

dipole

Basic

Properties

Melting Point high variable very high nonpolar — low

polar – high

Conduction in water solution always does not does not

of electricity or molten state conducts conduct conduct

Solubility solubility in not soluble not soluble nonpolar —

water varies insoluble in water

polar — some

degree of

solubility in water

solubility in

organic solvents

varies

Hardness hard, brittle variable very hard soft

malleable

ductile

Conduction poor good poor, except poor

of heat diamond

Examples NaCl Cu SiO 2 H 2 O – polar

CaCl 2 Au C (diamond) I 2 – nonpolar

Fe CO 2 – nonpolar

Lab Test conducts in pure always conducts extremely hard; low M.P.

state when molten nonconductor nonconductor

or in H 2 O or

ionizing solvents

Part II: Specific Topics