Cliffs AP Chemistry, 3rd Edition

(singke) #1
Equations and Constants

Atomic Structure


∆Eh c== = =ννmmmvh pmv


E = energy p = momentum
ν= frequency (Greek nu) v= velocity (Italic v)
λ= wavelength m = mass
n = principal quantum number

speed of light: c = 3.00 ×l0^8 m/s


Planck’s constant: h= 6.63 × 10 –34joule ⋅s


Boltzmann’s constant: k= 1.38 × 10 –23joule/K


Avogadro’s number = 6.022 × 1023 /mole


electron charge: e= −1.602 × 10 –19coulomb


1 electron volt/atom = 96.5 kilojoules/mole


Equilibrium


K K
HA


HA
B

OH HB
ab==

+- - +

6

77
6

77
@

AA
@

AA

w ,

log log

K OH H KKKat C


pH H pOH OH pH pOH


10 25

14

==^14 wab=:

=- =- = +

--%


+-

77 + ^h

77

AA

AA

pHpKKlog log
HA


A
pOH p
B

HB
=+ab=+

-+

6

7
6

7
@

A
@

A

pKa= −log Ka pKb= −log Kb


Kp= Kc(RT)∆n, where ∆n= moles product gas −moles reactant gas.


Ka(weak acid) Kp(gas pressure)
Kb(weak base) Kc(molar concentration)
Kw(water)

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