Handbook for Sound Engineers

1678 Chapter 48

48.12 Audio Frequency Range

The audio spectrum is usually considered the frequency

range between 20 Hz and 20 kHz, Fig. 48-9. In reality,

the upper limit of hearing pure tones is between 12 kHz

and 18 kHz, depending on the person’s age and sex and

how well the ears have been protected against loud

sounds. Frequencies above 20 kHz cannot be heard as a

sound, but the effect created by such frequencies (i.e.,

rapid rise time) can be heard.

48.13 Surface Area and Volume Equations

To find the surface area and volume of complex areas,

the area can often be divided into a series of simpler

areas and handled one at a time. Figs. 48-10A–H are

equations for various and unusual volumes.

windows media audio WMA

wired equivalent privacy WEP

wireless access points WAPs

wireless application protocol WAP

wireless communications service WCS

wireless fidelity WiFi

wireless microwave access WiMax

World Health Organization WHO

write once WO

write once read many WORM

yard yd

zone distribution area ZDA

Table 48-9. Recommended Abbreviations

Unit or Term Symbol or

Abbreviation