81925.11.9 Gyrator Types...................................................................... 880
25.11.10 The Totem Pole.................................................................... 880
25.11.11 The Bootstrap..................................................................... 881
25.11.12 Constant-Amplitude Phase-Shift Network............................................... 883
25.11.13 Simulated Resonance............................................................... 883
25.11.14 Consistent Q and Constant Bandwidth.................................................. 883
25.11.15 Q, EQ, and Music.................................................................. 883
25.11.16 Bandpass Filter Development......................................................... 884
25.11.17 Listening to Q..................................................................... 884
25.11.18 Push or Retard?.................................................................... 885
25.11.19 The Two-Integrator Loop............................................................ 885
25.11.20 Stability and Noise Characteristics..................................................... 887
25.11.21 Q and Filter Gain................................................................... 888
25.11.22 High-Pass Filters................................................................... 888
25.11.23 Second or Third or More Order?....................................................... 889
25.11.24 Equalization Control................................................................ 890
25.11.25 The Baxandall..................................................................... 890
25.11.26 Swinging Output Control............................................................ 892
25.11.27 Swinging Input Control.............................................................. 892
25.11.28 A Practical EQ..................................................................... 894
25.11.29 The First EQ Stage................................................................. 894
25.11.30 Second EQ/Line Amp............................................................... 894
25.11.31 Low-Frequency Control............................................................. 894
25.11.32 High-Frequency Control............................................................. 894
25.12 Dynamics............................................................................. 895
25.12.1 Limiting........................................................................... 895
25.12.1.1 Side-chain Time Constants........................................................ 900
25.12.1.2 Attack Time.................................................................... 900
25.12.1.3 Release Time................................................................... 901
25.12.1.4 Compound Release Time Constants................................................. 902
25.12.1.5 Multiband Processing............................................................ 902
25.12.1.6 Active Release Time Constants..................................................... 903
25.12.1.7 Hold or Hang Time.............................................................. 903
25.12.1.8 Limiting and Compression for Effect................................................ 904
25.12.2 Gating............................................................................ 905
25.12.2.1 Gating Feed-Forward Side Chain................................................... 905
25.12.2.2 Subtractive Feedback Gate or Expandor.............................................. 906
25.12.2.3 Keying........................................................................ 906
25.12.3 Compression....................................................................... 906
25.12.4 Expansion......................................................................... 907
25.12.5 Feed-Forward VCA-Style Dynamics.................................................... 907
25.12.5.1 rms Detection................................................................... 908
25.12.5.2 Thresholding................................................................... 908
25.12.5.3 Ratio.......................................................................... 908
25.12.5.4 Side-Chain Sources.............................................................. 909
25.12.5.5 Makeup Gain................................................................... 909
25.12.6 A Practical Feed-Forward Design....................................................... 909
25.13 Mixing............................................................................... 910
25.13.1 Virtual-Earth Mixers................................................................. 910
25.13.2 Noise Sources...................................................................... 910