References 389Pawlikowska, T., Chalder, T., Wessely, S., Wright, D., Hirsch, S., &
Wallace, P. (1994). A population based study of fatigue and psy-
chological distress. British Medical Journal, 308,763...766.
Pesek, J. R., Jason, L. A., & Taylor, R. R. (2000). An empirical in-
vestigation of the envelope theory. Journal of Human Behavior
in the Social Environment, 3,59...77.
Poole, J., Herrell, R., Ashton, S., Goldberg, J., & Buchwald, D.
(2000). Results of isoproterenol tilt table testing in monozygotic
twins discordant for chronic fatigue syndrome. Archives of Inter-
nal Medicine, 160,3461...3468.
Powell, P., Bentall, R. P., Nye, F. J., & Edwards, R. H. T. (2001).
Randomized controlled trial of patient education to encourage
exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome.British Medical Journal,
322,1...5.
Prins, J. B., Bleijenberg, G., Bazelmans, E., Elving, L. D., de Boo,
T. M., Severens, J. L., et al. (2001). Cognitive behaviour therapy
for chronic fatigue syndrome: A multicenter randomized con-
trolled trial. Lancet, 357, 841...847.
Ramsay, M. (1986). Postviral fatigue syndrome: The saga of royal
free disease.London: Gower Medical.
Ray, C. (1991). Chronic fatigue syndrome: Conceptual and method-
ological ambiguities. Psychological Medicine, 21,1...9.
Ray, C., Jeffries, S., & Weir, W. R. C. (1995). Life-events and the
course of chronic fatigue syndrome. British Journal of Medical
Psychology, 68,323...331.
Ray, C., Jeffries, S., & Weir, W. R. C. (1997). Coping and other
predictors of outcome in chronic fatigue syndrome: A 1-year
follow-up.Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 43(4), 405...415.
Regier, D. A., Boyd, J. H., Burke, J. D., Jr., Rae, D. S., Myers, J. K.,
Kramer, M., et al. (1988). One-month prevalence of mental
disorders in the United States: Based on “ve epidemiological
catchment area sites. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45,
977...986.
Reid, S., Chalder, T., Cleare, A., Hotopf, M., & Wessely, S. (2000).
Extracts from •clinical evidenceŽ: Chronic fatigue syndrome.
British Medical Journal, 320,292...296.
Reyes, M., Dobbins, J. G., Nisenbaum, R., Subedar, N., Randall,
B., & Reeves, W. C. (1999). Chronic fatigue syndrome pro-
gression and self-de“ned recovery: Evidence from the CDC
surveillance system. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 5,
17...27.
Reyes, M., Gary, H. E., Jr., Dobbins, J. G., Randall, B., Steele, L.,
Fukuda, K., et al. (1997, February 21). Descriptive epidemiology
of chronic fatigue syndrome: CDC surveillance in four cities.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Sum-
maries, 46(No. SS...2), 1...13.
Reyes, M., Nisenbaum, R., Stewart, G., & Reeves, W. C. (1998,
October). Update: Wichita population-based study of fatiguing
illness. In L. A. Jason & W. Reeves (Chair), New insights into the
epidemiology of CFS.Symposium presented at the American
Association for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Conference,
Cambridge, MA.
Richman, J. A., Flaherty, J. A., & Rospenda, K. M. (1994). Chronic
fatigue syndrome: Have ”awed assumptions derived from
treatment-based studies? American Journal of Public Health, 84,
282...284.
Richman, J. A., & Jason, L. A. (2001). Gender biases underlying the
social construction of illness states: The case of chronic fatigue
syndrome.Current Sociology, 49,15...29.
Richman, J. A., Jason, L. A., Taylor, R. R., & Jahn, S. C. (2000).
Feminist perspectives on the social construction of illness states.
Health Care for Women International, 22, 173...185.
Ridsdale, L., Godfrey, E., Chalder, T., Seed, P., King, M., Wallace,
P., & Wessely, S. (2001). Chronic fatigue in general practice:
Is counseling as good as cognitive behaviour therapy? A
randomized trial. British Journal of General Practice, 51,
19...24.
Rijk, A. E., Schreurs, M. G., & Bensing, J. (1999). Complaints of
fatigue: Related to too much as well as too little stimulation?
Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 22,549...573.
Robins, L., Helzer, J., Cottler, L., & Goldring, E. (1989). National
Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule
(Version Three Revised, DIS-III-R). St. Louis, MO: Washington
University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry.
Robins, L. N., & Regier, D. A. (1991). Psychiatric disorders in
America: The ECA study.New York: Free Press.
Russo, J., Katon, W., Clark, M., Kith, P., Sintay, M., & Buchwald,
D. (1998). Longitudinal changes associated with improvement
in chronic fatigue patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research,
45,67...76.
Salit, I. E. (1997). Precipitating factors for the chronic fatigue syn-
drome.Journal of Psychiatric Research, 31(1), 59...65.
Saphier, D. (1994, October). A role for interferon in the psychoneu-
roendocrinology of chronic fatigue syndrome.Paper presented
at the American Association of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Research Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, FL.
Schluederberg, A., Straus, S. E., Peterson, P., Blumenthal, S.,
Komaroff, A. L., Spring, S. B., et al. (1992). Chronic fatigue syn-
drome research: De“nition and medical outcome assessment.
Annals of Internal Medicine, 117,325...331.
Schondorf, R., & Freeman, R. C. (1999). The importance of ortho-
static intolerance in chronic fatigue syndrome. American Jour-
nal of Medical Sciences, 317,117...123.
Schwartz, R. B., Komaroff, A. L., Garada, B. M., Gleit, M., Doolittle,
T. H., Bates, D. W., et al. (1994). SPECT imaging of the brain:
Comparisons of “ndings in patients with chronic fatigue syn-
drome, AIDS dementia complex, and major unipolar depression.
American Journal of Radiology, 162,943...951.
Scott, L. V., & Dinan, T. G. (1999). The neuroendocrinology of
chronic fatigue syndrome: Focus on the hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal axis. Functional Neurology, 14(1), 3...11.
See, D. M., & Tilles, J. G. (1996). Alpha interferon treatment of pa-
tients with chronic fatigue syndrome.Immunological Investiga-
tions, 25,153...164.