Table 2. Form of individual country regressions, countries with per capita GDP greater than $12,000 as of
2004 only (time trend and lag term included; presence of linear, quadratic, or cubic trends indicates that
regression coefficients significant at the 10% level or better).
β 1 =0β 2 =0β 3 =0nullβ 1 >0β 2 =0β 3 =0linear,
positiveβ 1 >0β 2 <0β 3 =0quadratic,
downward-Uβ 1 >0β 2 <0β 3 >0cubicNumber of
countriesHigh-income
countries3.1 %
6.2 %
53.1 %
37.5 %
32