Table 2. Form of individual country regressions, countries with per capita GDP greater than $12,000 as of
2004 only (time trend and lag term included; presence of linear, quadratic, or cubic trends indicates that
regression coefficients significant at the 10% level or better).
β 1 =0
β 2 =0
β 3 =0
null
β 1 >0
β 2 =0
β 3 =0
linear,
positive
β 1 >0
β 2 <0
β 3 =0
quadratic,
downward-U
β 1 >0
β 2 <0
β 3 >0
cubic
Number of
countries
High-income
countries
3.1 %
6.2 %
53.1 %
37.5 %
32