25 Emmeline Pankhurst (hereafter EP) to Miss Biggs, August 1885, E. Sylvia Pankhurst
Archive (hereafter ESPA), Institute of Social History, Amsterdam; EP to Florence
Balgarnie, 17 August 1885, ESPA.
26 A. Pankhurst Walsh, My mother: an explanation & vindication, p. 7, Pankhurst Walsh
Papers.
27 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 75.
28 E. Pankhurst, My own story, p. 18.
29 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 77.
30 E. S. Pankhurst, Emmeline Pankhurst, p. 22.
31 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 77.
32 Christabel Pankhurst (hereafter CP) to Lord Pethick-Lawrence, 22 April 1957, Pethick-
Lawrence Papers (hereafter P-L Papers), Trinity College, University of Cambridge.
33 C. Pankhurst, Unshackled, p. 25.
34 A. Pankhurst Walsh, My mother, p. 5. Sylvia did not hold this view. In a letter post-
marked 25 June 1957 to Lord Pethick-Lawrence she notes that her mother ‘had the
foolish dream that she might get rich so he [Richard] would be able to abandon law for
politics. That my father could never have done. I have often heard him say his legal
profession was “a fine profession” and he was interested and keen on his work and able to
help many people by it’, P-L Papers.
3 POLITICAL HOSTESS
(JUNE 1887–1892)
1 E. S. Pankhurst, Emmeline Pankhurst, p. 26.
2 C. Pankhurst, Unshackled, p. 26.
3 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, pp. 82–4.
4 C. Pankhurst, Unshackled, p. 27.
5 E. Pankhurst, My own story, p. 19.
6 A. Taylor, Annie Besant: a biography(Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1992), pp. 193–6.
7 Ibid., pp. 206–8.
8 E. Pankhurst, My own story, p. 19; S. Lewenhak, Women and trade unions: an outline history
of women in the British trade union movement(London, Ernest Benn, 1977), pp. 79–80.
9 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, pp. 87–8.
10 Walter Richard Craine Goulden, the eldest child in the Goulden family, was born on 21
August 1856 and therefore was two years older than Emmeline.
11 C. Pankhurst, Unshackled, p. 27.
12 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 88.
13 E. S. Pankhurst,Emmeline Pankhurst, p. 23. J. F. C. Harrison,Late Victorian Britain
1875–1901(Glasgow, Fontana, 1990), p. 59, makes the point that the two main groups that
made up the bulk of the lower middle class were first, shopkeepers and small businessmen
and, secondly, white-collar employees such as teachers and, especially, clerks.
14 [A. Mearns] The bitter cry of outcast London(New York, A. M. Kelly reprint, 1970, first
pub. 1883). G. R. Sims, How the poor livewas also published in 1883 – see Selections from
How the poor livereprinted in Into unknown England 1866–1913: selections from the social
explorers, ed. P. Keating (London, Fontana, 1976), pp. 65–90.
15 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 89.
16 Ibid., p. 89; Sylvia Pankhurst in Myself when young by famous women of to-day, ed. M.
Oxford (London, Frederick Muller, 1938), p. 263.
17 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 90.
18 Ibid., pp. 71, 90; Banks, Biographical dictionary: Vol. 1, p. 129.
19 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 90.
20 West, Mrs. Pankhurst, p. 483.
21 C. Pankhurst, Unshackled, p. 30.
NOTES