FINAL WARNING: The Communist Agenda
social change, and barred the workers from belonging to secret
organizations. Small co-op communities were established. They
started the Council for Promoting Working Men’s Associations, and in
1854, started the Working Men’s College in London.As Christian Socialism developed, it was promoted by saying that
Socialism was the ultimate goal of Christianity. In America, prominent
Protestant clergymen, such as Washington Gladden, Walter
Rauschenbusch, Lyman Abbott, Josiah Strong, and Charles M.
Sheldon, through sermons, books, magazine and newspaper articles,
called for better working conditions for women, the elimination of child
labor, a six-day work week, and a decent working wage. These
principles were later adopted by the Federal Council of Churches of
Christ in America in 1908. The aforementioned ministers, and
economist Richard T. Ely, in 1889, organized the Society of Christian
Socialists, which advocated a cooperative society based on the
teachings of Christ. Rev. Endicott Peabody, founder of the Grotan
School, spoke of such reform to the capitalist system. One of his
young students was Franklin D. Roosevelt.Buchez’ followers soon grew dissatisfied with the equal payment plan,
and the organization split into several factions, one professing
Christianity (setting up several Christian Socialist organizations), and
the other, calling for revolution.Francois Marie Charles Fourier (1772-1837), a French philosopher,
planned out model communities, in which people would live in a
pleasurable atmosphere, and work at their own pace, at jobs they like.
Everyone would know what to do and when to do it. There would be no
need for regulations. In his communities, called ‘phalanxes’ (or
‘phalansteries’), everyone was to live in the same building. Jobs were
assigned, and workers received a nominal wage. In 1832, he failed in
an attempt to set up such a commune at Versailles. However, his
followers founded about 30 communal settlements in the United
States, such as the Brook Farm (1841-47).In 1841, George Ripley, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Charles A. Dana, all
advocates of Transcendentalism, established a 192-acre settlement in
West Roxbury, Massachusetts. In 1844, they instituted a constitution,
making it a co-op based on the scientific division of labor advocated