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Geotechnical Engineering

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  • 1 SOIL AND SOIL MECHANICS Purpose and Scope of the Book iv

    • 1.1 Introduction

    • 1.2 Development or SoH Mechanics

    • 1.3 Fields of Application of Soil mechanics

    • 1.4 Soil Formation

    • 1.5 Residual and Transported Soils

      • 1.6 Some Commonly Used Soil Designations

      • 1.7 Structure of Soils

      • 1.8 Texture of Soils

      • 1.9 Major Soil Deposits of India

        • Summary of Main Points

          • References

          • Questions







    • 2 COMPOSITION OF SOIL TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS

      • 2.1 Composition of Soil

      • 2.2 Basic Terminology

      • 2.3 Certain Important Relationships

      • 2.4 Illustrative Examples

        • Summary of Main Points

          • References

          • Questions and Problems







    • 3 INDEX PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION TeSTS

      • 3.1 Introduction

      • 3.2 Soil Colour

      • 3.3 Particle Shape

      • 3.4 Specific Gravity of Soil Solids

      • 3.5 Water Content



          1. xlv

































        • ·3.




            1. - Density Index
              
- In.-Situ Unit Weight
              
- Particle Size Distribution (Mechanical Analysis)
              
- Consistency of Clay So4a
              
- Activity of Clays
              
- Unconfined CompreSHion Strength and Senaitivity of Claya
              
- Thixotropy of Clays
              
   - Illustrative Examples
              
   - References Summary of Main Points sa
              
- Questions and Problema












  • 4 IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS

    • 4.1 Introduction

    • 4.2 Field Identification of Soils

    • 4.3 Soil Classification- The Need

    • 4.5 Classification Systems-More Co~on Ones 4.4 Engineering Soil Cla88ification-~l'hle Fe,atures ~.

    • 4.6 Illustrative Examples

      • Summary of Main Points

        • References



      • Questions and Problems



    • 5 SOIL MOISTURe-PERMEABILITY AND CAPILLARITY

      • 5.1 Introduction

      • 5.2 Soil Moisture and Modes of Occurrence

      • 5 .4 Flow of Water Through Soil-Permeability 5.3 Neutral and Effective Pressures 11"

      • 5 .5 Determination of Permeability

        • 5.6 Factors Affecting Permeabllity

        • 5 .7 Values ofPenneability

        • 5.B Permeability of Layered Soils



      • *5.9 Capillarity

        • 5 .10 Illustrative Examples

          • Summary of.Ma in Points'

          • References

          • Questions and Problems





      • 6 SeEPAGE AND FLOW' NETS

        • 6.1 Introduction

        • 6.2 Flow Net for One-dimensional Flow

        • 6.3 Flow Net for Two-Dimensional Flow CONTENTS KY

        • 6.4 Basic Equation for Seepage



      • *6.5 Seepage Through Non-Homogeneous and Anisotropic Soil

        • 6.6 Top Flow Line in an Earth Dam



      • *6 .7 Radial Flow Nets

        • 6.8 Methods of Obtaining Flow Nets

        • 6.9 Quicksand

        • 6.10 Seepage Forces

        • 6 .11 Effective Stress in a Soil Mass Under Seepage

        • 6 12 lIlustrative Examples

          • Summary of Main Point8

          • References

          • Questions and Problems









  • 7 COMPRESSIBILITY AND CONSOLIDATION OF SOILS

    • 7.1 Introduction

    • 7.2 Compressibility of Soils

      • 7.3 A Mechanistic Model for Consolidation

      • 7.4 Ten:agW's Theory of One-dimensional Consolidation

      • 7.5 Solution ofTerzaghi's Equation for One-dimensional Consolidation

      • 7.6 Graphical Presentation of Consolidation Relationships

      • 7 .7 Evaluation of Coefficient of Consolidation from Odometer Test Data



    • *7.8 Secondary Consolidation

      • 7.9 Illustrative Examples

        • Summary of Main Points

        • References

        • Question,; and Problems





    • 8 SHEARING STRENGTH OF SOILS

      • 8.1 Introduction

      • 8.2 Friction

      • 8.3 Principal Planes and Principal Stresses-Mohr's Circle

      • 8.4 Strength Theories for Soils

      • 8 .5 Shearing Strength-A Function of Effective Stress

      • *8.6 Hvorslev's True Shear Parameters

        • 8 .7 Types of Shear Tp.sts Basod on Drainage Conditions

        • B.8 Shearing Strength Tests

        • *8 .9 Pore Pressure Parameters

        • *8.10 Stress-Path Approach

          • 8.11 Shearing Characteristics of Sand~

          • 8.12 Shearing Characteristics of Clays










  • xvi


          - 8 .13 lIJustrative Examples
    
                     - Summary of Main Points
    
                        - References
    
                        - Questions and Prob1ems
    
         - STABILITY OF EARTH SLOPES
    
         - 9. 1 Introduction
    
         - 9.2 Infinite Slopes
    
         - 9.3 Finite Slopes
    
         - 9.4 Illustrative Examples
    
                        - Summary of Main Points
    
                           - References
    
                        - Questions and Problems
    
            - 10.1 Introduction STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN SOIL
    
            - 10 .2 Point Load
    
            - 10.3 Line Load
    
            - 10.4 Strip Load
    
                                 -
    
            - 10.5 Uniform Load on Circular Area
    
            - 10.6 Uniform. Load on Rectangular Area
    
            - 10.7 UniConn Load on Irregular Areas-Newmark's Chart
    
            - 10 .8 Approximate Methods
    
               - 10.9 lIluMtrative Examples
    
                           - Summary of Main Points
    
                           - References
    
                           - Q uestions and Problems
    
- 11 SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS
    
               - 1.1 Introduction
    
               - 11.2 Data for Settlement Analysia
    
               - 11.3 Settlement
    
   - · 11.4 Corrections to Computed Settlement
    
   - · 11.5 Further Factors Affecting Settlement
    
                  - 1 1. 7 Settlement Records 11 .6 Other Factors Pertinent to Settlement .c 0 4-
    
                  - 11 .8 Contact Pressure and Active Zone From Pressure Bulb Concept
    
               - 11 .9 Dlustrative ExampJes
    
                              - Summary of Main Points
    
                              - Reference8
    
                              - Que8tions and Problems


  • 12 COMPACTION OF SOIL CONTENTS

    • 12 .1 Introduction

    • 12.2 Compaction Phenomenon

      • 12.3 Compaction Test

      • 12.4 Saturation (Zero-air-voids) Line

      • 12 .5 Laboratory Compaction Tests

      • 12.6 In-situ or Field Compaction



    • *12.7 Compaction of Sand

      • 12 .8 Compaction versus Consolidation

      • 12 .9 Illustrative Examples

        • Summary ufMain Points

        • References

        • Questions and Problems





    • 13 LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE AND STABILITY OF RETAINING WALLS xvii

      • 13.1 Introduction

      • 13 .2 Types of Earth-retaining Structures

      • 13.3 Lateral Earth Pressures

        • 13.4 Earth Pressure at Rest

        • 13.5 Earth Pressure Theories

        • 13 .6 Rankine's Theory

        • 13.7 Coulomb's Wedge Theory

        • 13.8 Stability Considerations for Retaining Walls

        • 13.9 Illustrative Examples

          • Summary of Main Points

          • References

          • Questions and Problems





      • 14 BEARING CAPACITY

        • 14 .1 Introduction and Definitions

        • 14 .2 Bearing Capacity

        • 14.3 Methods of Determining Bearing Capacity

        • 14.4 Bearing Capacity from Building Codes

        • 14.5 Analytical Methods of Determining Bearing Capacity

        • 14 .6 Effect of Water Table on Bearing Capacity ,

        • 14.7 Safe Bearing Capacity

        • 14.8 Foundation Settlements

          • 14.9 Plate Load Tests



        • ·14.11 Bearing Capacity from Model Tests-Housel's Approach ·14.10 Bearing Capacity from Penetration Tests 579 ·

        • 14 .13 Bearing Capacity of Sands 14 12 Bearing Capacity from Laboratory Tests ~BO

        • 14 14 Bearing Capacity ofelays

        • 14 .15 Recommended Practice (1.8)

        • 14 .16 Illustrative Examples

          • Summary of Main Points

          • References

          • Questions and Problems S









  • 15 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS

    • 15 .1 Introductory Concepts on Foundations

      • 15.2 Genera l Types of Foundations S



    • 15 .3 Choice of Foundation Type and Preliminary Selection

      • 15.4 Spread Footings



    • 15 .5 Strap Footings

      • 15 .6 Combined Footings

      • 15.7 Raft Foundations



    • ·15.8 Foundations on Non-uniform Soils

      • 15 .9 Illustrative Examples

        • Summary of Main Points

        • References

        • Questions a nd Problems S





    • 16 PILE FOUNDATIONS

      • 16 .1 In t roduction

      • 16 .2 Classification of Piles

      • 16.3 Use of Piles

      • 1 6.4 Pile Driving

      • 16 .5 Pile Capacity

      • 16 .6 Pile Groups

      • · 16.8 Laterally Loaded Piles 16 .7 Settlement of Piles and Pile Groups

      • *16.9 Batter Pites

        • 16 10 Design of P ile Foundations





        • l S. 11 Construction of Pile Foundation.8



          1. 12 J1Iustrative Examples

            • Summary of Main Points

              • References



            • Questions and Problems











  • 17 SOIL STABILISATION CONTENTS

    • 17 .1 Introduction

    • 17 .2 Clafl!'lification of the Methods of Stabilisation

    • 17.4 Stabilisation ofSoi1 with Additives 17 .3 Stabilisation of Soil Without Additives 69B

    • 17 .5 California BcaTing Ratio

    • "' 17 .6 Reinforced Earth and Geosynthetics

      • Summary of Main Points 17 .7 Illustrative Examples 71B

      • Refercnces

      • Questions and Problems



    • 18 SOIL EXPLORATION

      • IB.l Introduction

      • 1B.2 Site Investigation

      • 18 .3 Soil Exploration

      • 1B.4 Soil Sampling

      • 18 .5 Sounding and P.cnetr ation Tests

      • 1B.6 Indirect Methods---Geophysical Methods

      • 18.7 The Art of Preparing a Soil Inve~tigation Report

        • IB.8 Illustrative Examples

          • Summary of Main Points

          • References

          • Questions and Problems





      • 19 CAISSONS ANO WELL FOUNOATIONS

        • 19.1 Introduction

        • 19 .2 DcsignAspccts of Caissons

        • 19.3 Open Caissons

        • 19 .4 Pneumatic Caissons

        • 19 .5 Floating Caissons

        • 19 .6 Construction Aspects of Caissons

        • 19 .7 Illustrative Examples on Caissons

        • 19 .8 Well Foundations

          • 19 .9 Design Aspects of Well Foundati?ns



        • · 19.10 Lateral StabilityofWeU Foundations

          • 19 .11 Construction Aspects ofWel1 Foundations

          • 19 12 Illustrative Examples on Well Foundations

            • Summary of Main Points

              • References

              • Questions and P roblems













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