Geotechnical Engineering

DHARM

STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN SOIL 387

5. More complicated loadings such as line load, strip load, circular loaded area, and rectangular
   loaded area may be dealt with by integration of the stresses due to point load.


6. The rectangular loaded area is the most common type in foundation engineering; the stress due
   to it may be evaluated by Fadum’s or Steinbrenner’s charts for influence values, or by Newmark’s
   formula for a point beneath a corner.


7. The stress at a point inside or outside the loaded area may be conveniently determined by form-
   ing rectangles, true or hypothetical, for which the point forms a corner and by applying the
   principle of superposition appropriately.


8. Newmark’s influence chart may be conveniently used in the case of irregular areas (it is, of
   course, applicable to regular areas also).


9. Approximate methods such as the equivalent point load approach yield reasonably satisfactory
   results under certain conditions.

References

1. J.V. Boussinesq: Application des potentials à l′ etude de l′ equilibre et du mouvement des solids
   elastiques, Paris, Gauthier—Villars, 1985.


2. P.L. Capper, W.F. Cassie and J.D. Geddes: Problems in Engineering Soils, S.I. Edition, E & F.N.
   Spon Ltd., London, 1971.


3. R.E. Fadum: Influence values for Vertical stresses in a semi-infinite solid due to surface Loads,
   Graduate School of Engineering, Harvard University (Unpublished), 1941.


4. G. Gilboy: Soil Mechanics Research, Transactions, ASCE, 1933.


5. L. Jürgenson: The Application of Theories of Elasticity to Foundation Problems, Journal of Bos-
   ton Society of Civil Engineers, July, 1934.


6. A.R. Jumikis: Soil Mechanics, D. Van Nostrand Company Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA, 1962.


7. T.W. Lambe: Methods of Estimating Settlement, Proc. of the ASCE Settlement Conference, North
   Western University, Evanston, Illinois, June, 1964.


8. T.W. Lambe: Shallow Foundations on Clay, Proc. of a Symposium of Bearing Capacity and Set-
   tlement of Foundations, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, 1967.


9. D.F. McCarthy: Essentials of Soil Mechanics and Foundations, Reston Publishing Company,
   Reston, Va, USA, 1977.


10. N.M. Newmark: Simplified computation of Vertical pressures in Elastic Foundations, Engineer-
    ing Experiment Station Circular No. 24, University of Illinois, 1935.


11. N.M. Newmark: Influence Charts for Computation of Stresses in Elastic Foundations, Engineer-
    ing Experiment Station Bulletin Series No. 338, University of Illinois, Nov., 1942.


12. G.N. Smith: Essentials of Soil Mechanics for Civil and Mining Engineers, Third Edition, Metric,
    Crosby Lockwood Staples, London, 1974.


13. M.G. Spangler: Soil Engineering, International Textbook Company, Scranton, USA, 1951.


14. W. Steinbrenner: Tafeln zur Setzungsberechmung, Die Strasse, Vol. 1, 1934.


15. D.W. Taylor: Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, USA, 1948.


16. K.Terzaghi: Theoretical Soil Mechanics, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, USA, 1943.


17. S. Timoshenko and J.N. Goodier: Theory of Elasticity, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1951.


18. H.M. Westergaard: A problem of Elasticity Suggested by a Problem in Soil Mechanics: Soft Mate-
    rial Reinforced by Numerous Strong Horizontal Sheets, Contributions to the Mechanics of Solids,
    Stephen Timoshenko 60th Anniversary Volume, New York, Macmillan, 1938.